软组织和硬组织再生过程中的电纺纳米纤维支架

Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration

背景:目前,静电纺丝纳米纤维是天然细胞外基质的仿生材料,其包含互连孔隙的三维网络,已成功用作各种组织再生的支架,但目前仍面临着如何将生物材料扩展成三维结构以再现组织微环境的生理、化学以及机械性能的挑战。目的:总结归纳静电纺丝的工艺、原理,探讨由此生产的静电纺丝纳米纤维在皮肤、血管、神经、骨骼、软骨和肌腱/韧带等组织再生中的应用。方法:以“静电纺丝、电纺纳米纤维、电纺纳米纤维支架、组织再生”为中文检索词,“Electrospinning,electrospun nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber scaffolds,tissue regeneration”为英文检索词,检索Google学术、PubMed和中国知网数据库,最终纳入88篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①静电纺丝纳米纤维是天然纤维状细胞外基质的仿生材料,并包含互连孔隙的三维网络,在各种组织再生的支架领域中应用较多。②多篇文献阐述了电纺纳米支架应用于皮肤、血管、神经、骨骼、软骨和肌腱/韧带组织再生的巨大潜力,为其最终应用于临床疾病治疗,或转化为实际产品进入市场提供了坚实的理论基础。③但目前的研究成果多是基于体外的细胞实验研究成果,能否最终应用于人体尚需临床验证。④目前国内外已有多种用于各种临床需求的电纺产品商业化,表明用于软组织和硬组织再生的电纺纳米纤维支架研究领域具有重大的研究价值和应用潜力。

BACKGROUND:Currently,electrospun nanofibers,which are biomimetic materials of natural extracellular matrix and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores,have been successfully used as scaffolds for various tissue regeneration,but are still faced with the challenge of extending the biomaterials into three-dimensional structures to reproduce the physiological,chemical as well as mechanical properties of the tissue microenvironment.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the process and principles of electrostatic spinning and to explore the applications of the resulting electrospun nanofibers in tissue regeneration of skin,blood vessels,nerves,bone,cartilage and tendons/ligaments.METHODS:With“electrospinning,electrospun nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber scaffolds,tissue regeneration”as the Chinese and English search terms,Google Academic Database,PubMed,and CNKI were searched,and finally 88 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The electrospun nanofibers are a natural fibrous extracellular matrix mimetic material and contain a three-dimensional network of interconnected pores that have been successfully used as scaffolds for a variety of tissue regeneration applications.(2)Several papers have described the great potential of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds applied to the regeneration of skin,blood vessels,nerves,bones,cartilage and tendons/ligaments,providing a solid theoretical basis for its final application in clinical disease treatment,or for its transformation into practical products to enter the market.(3)However,the current research results are mostly based on cell experimental research results in vitro,and whether it can be finally applied to human body still needs clinical verification.(4)At present,many kinds of electrospun products for various clinical needs have been commercialized in and outside China,indicating that the research field of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for soft and hard tissue regeneration has great research value and application potential.