抗阻运动改善超重肥胖人群身体成分:一项伞形综述

Resistance exercise improves body composition in overweight and obese people:an umbrella review

背景:抗阻运动可以增加肌肉质量、提升肌肉力量,但对体成分的相关影响缺乏确凿证据,随机对照试验与多篇Meta分析结果的争议给临床的运动干预决策带来了困扰。目的:基于伞形综述(umbrella review)的方法学范式,探究抗阻运动改善超重、肥胖人群体成分的干预效果及安全性。方法:检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网等数据库,中文检索词包括“抗阻、阻力、自重、meta、元分析、meta分析、体成分、体脂率、脂肪质量、瘦体重、体质量”,英文检索词包括“Resistance training、Strength Training、Weight-Lifting Strengthening Program、Body Compositions、Body Fat Distribution、Meta Analysis、Data Pooling、Overviews、Clinical Trial、Clinical Trial Overviews”等。收集抗阻运动干预超重、肥胖人群的系统评价,检索时限均从各数据库建库至2022-08-31。采用PRISMA评价纳入研究的方法学质量,采用GRADE评价系统对证据质量进行分级。结果与结论:①最终纳入14篇Meta分析,GRADE证据质量评价显示,2个结局指标证据质量为中级,12个为低级,14个为极低级。②与对照组相比,32个结局指标中有23个得到显著性改善。抗阻运动对体脂率的干预效果已形成共识,对瘦体质量、体质量指数、内脏脂肪的干预效果仍需进一步证实。③抗阻运动是改善超重、肥胖人群体成分的一种有效安全的方法,纳入系统评价的整体研究质量和结局指标证据质量普遍较低,未来应在明确样本特征、细化方案设计的基础上,充分结合被试的初始状态、运动目标和意愿,通过水阻、气阻及弹性阻力的多元、科学、个性化的运动处方设计提升抗阻运动的安全性和依从性,为抗阻运动干预提供明确的循证支持与决策依据。

BACKGROUND:Resistance exercise increases muscle mass and improves muscle strength,but there is a lack of conclusive evidence on its effects on body composition.Controversial results from randomized controlled trials and multiple Meta-analyses pose a problem for clinical decisions on exercise interventions.OBJECTIVE:Based on the methodological paradigm of umbrella review,to explore the efficacy and safety of resistance exercise in improving the body composition of overweight and obese people.METHODS:We searched PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and CNKI for systematic reviews on the effect of resistance exercise in overweight and obese people published from database inception to August 31,2022.Chinese search terms included“anti-resistance,resistance,self-weight,Meta,Metaanalysis,body composition,body fat percentage,fat mass,lean body mass,body mass.”English search terms included“resistance training,strength training,weight-lifting strengthening program,body composition,body fat distribution,Meta-analysis,data pooling,overviews,clinical trial,clinical trial overviews.”PRISMA was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies,and a GRADE evaluation system was used to grade the quality of evidence.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 14 Meta-analyses were included,and GRADE evidence quality evaluation showed that 2 outcome indicators were intermediate,12 were low,and 14 were extremely low.Compared with the control group,23 of the 32 outcome measures showed significant improvement.The intervention effect of resistance exercise on body fat percentage has reached a consensus,but the intervention effects on lean body mass,body mass index and visceral fat still need further confirmation.Resistance exercise is an effective and safe method to improve the body composition of overweight and obese people.The overall quality of the research and the evidence quality of the outcome indicators included in the systematic evaluation are generally low.In the future,the initial state,exercise goal and willingness of the subjects should be fully combined on the basis of clarifying the sample characteristics and refining the scheme design.Through multiple,scientific and personalized exercise prescription designs of water,air and elastic resistance,the safety and compliance of resistance exercise can be improved,providing clear evidence-based support and decision-making basis for resistance exercise intervention.