痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童腰椎与髋关节发育的关系

Relationship between lumbar spine development and hip development in children with spastic cerebral palsy

背景:目前多数学者认为,幼年就患有严重脊柱畸形的脑性瘫痪患儿(<15岁)其脊柱畸形可能存在更高的进展风险,其原因可能来源于骨盆倾斜、疼痛等导致的行动时失衡。目的:探究痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童腰椎发育与髋关节发育的关系。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月至2021年12月就诊于北京中医药大学东直门医院的痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿102例。所有入院患儿均完成骨盆正位及腰椎侧位X射线片,通过骨盆正位X射线片测量股骨头偏移百分比、中心边缘角、颈干角、髋臼指数,通过腰椎侧位X射线片测量矢状位Cobb角、骶骨倾斜角、弓顶距、腰椎前凸指数,进一步分析两类指标的相关性。将所有患儿依据股骨头偏移百分比分为正常组、风险组、髋关节半脱位组及髋关节全脱位组,评价不同组间腰椎指标的差异。结果与结论:①Pearson相关性分析表明,股骨头偏移百分比和腰椎矢状位Cobb角、弓顶距呈中等程度正相关,与腰椎前凸指数呈弱正相关;中心边缘角与弓顶距呈中等程度负相关,与矢状位Cobb角呈弱负相关;颈干角与矢状位Cobb角、前凸指数呈极弱正相关或不相关;髋臼指数与矢状位Cobb角、弓顶距呈弱正相关;其余指标间未发现具有相关性;②根据股骨头偏移百分比将患儿分为4组,其中正常组25例,风险组41例,髋关节半脱位组27例,髋关节全脱位组9例;风险组、髋关节半脱位组、髋关节全脱位组矢状位Cobb角均较正常组明显增加,且逐组递增,组间两两比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);风险组、髋关节半脱位组前凸指数较正常组明显增加,两两比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),髋关节全脱位组较正常组存在升高趋势;髋关节半脱位组、髋关节全脱位组弓顶距较正常组明显增加,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),且存在逐级递增趋势;各组间骶骨倾斜角两两比较差异无显著性意义;③提示脑性瘫痪患儿腰椎发育与骨盆髋关节发育有密切关联,尤以腰椎前凸畸形和髋关节脱位畸形的关系最明显。

BACKGROUND:Most scholars now believe that children with cerebral palsy who have severe spinal deformities in early childhood(<15 years of age)may have a higher risk of progression of spinal deformities,which may result from imbalances in movement due to pelvic tilt,pain,etc.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between lumbar spine development and hip joint development in children with spastic cerebral palsy.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was performed in 102 children with spastic cerebral palsy admitted at Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from January 2014 to December 2021.All admitted children had X-rays of the pelvic position and the lumbar lateral position.Anteroposterior X-ray of the pelvis was performed to measure femoral head migration percentage,central edge angle,neck-shaft angle,and acetabular index.The sagittal Cobb angle,sacral slope,arch-top distance,and lumbar lordosis index were measured by the lateral X-ray of the lumbar spine.Correlation of the two sets of indicators was further analyzed.All children were divided into normal group,risk group,hip subluxation group and total hip dislocation group according to their femoral head migration percentage,and the differences in lumbar spine indexes between groups were evaluated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pearson correlation analysis showed that the femoral head migration percentage was moderately positively correlated with sagittal Cobb angle and arch-top distance,and weakly positively correlated with lumbar lordosis index;the central edge angle was moderately negatively correlated with the arch-top distance and weakly negatively correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle;the neck-shaft angle was weakly positively correlated or not correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle and lumbar lordosis index;and the acetabular index was weakly positively correlated with the sagittal Cobb angle and arch-top distance.No statistically significant correlation was found between the remaining indicators.According to the femoral head migration percentage,the children were divided into four groups,including 25 cases in the normal group,41 cases in the risk group,27 cases in the hip subluxation group,and 9 cases in the total hip dislocation group.The sagittal Cobb angle was significantly increased in the risk group,the hip subluxation group and the total hip dislocation group compared with the normal group,showing an increasing trend group by group,and there were significant differences between groups(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,the lumbar lordosis index in the risk group and the hip subluxation group increased significantly,and there were significant differences between groups(P<0.05).There was an increase trend in the lumbar lordosis index of the total hip dislocation group compared with the normal group.Compared with the normal group,the arch-top distance in the hip subluxation group and the total hip dislocation group increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was a stepwise increasing trend.There was no significant difference in sacral slope between groups.To conclude,the development of the lumbar spine in children with cerebral palsy is closely related to the development of the pelvic hip joint,and the most obvious relationship is between lumbar lordosis and hip dislocation.