拉合尔钝缘蜱内部器官系统观察与分析

Observation and Analysis of Internal Organ System of Ornithodoros lahorensis

探究适用于钝缘蜱(Ornithodoros)的解剖方法,揭示钝缘蜱内部器官位置及结构。以新疆地区软蜱优势种拉合尔钝缘蜱为研究对象,将其成蜱固定于固体石蜡中并解剖,利用体视显微镜观察蜱内部构造,并分析其解剖结构特征。石蜡固定和解剖前冷冻处理方法适用于拉合尔钝缘蜱解剖前固定,且有利于保持其内脏器官完整性。拉合尔钝缘蜱气管呈白色网状,形成一个巨大的管状分支体系分布于全身各处,向各组织器官供应氧气;消化系统中,中肠呈深褐色管状,占据体腔大部分位置;胃主体较长且宽,侧分支较短,至体缘两侧,无腹侧面弯曲,形成7对盲管;直肠囊位于腹中线的后部,呈2个薄膜囊状;唾液腺呈葡萄串状,附着于体腔前侧。神经系统中,合神经节(脑)1个,位于足Ⅰ、Ⅱ基节水平线上,呈高度密集且融合的团状;排泄系统中,马氏管1对,呈白色致密管状,位于中肠侧面,开口于直肠囊腹面,另一端游离于唾液腺前端或两侧;循环系统中,心脏呈亚三角形,半透明状,位于中肠背侧,第3对足水平线与背中线交点处;雌性生殖系统中,卵巢呈马蹄形弯曲,位于中肠后侧叶与直肠囊腹面;子宫呈牛角形,白色管状;吉氏器位于头窝的孔隙中,由1个短的前颈和2个后囊状角组成。雄性生殖系统中,精巢1对,呈长管状,位于合神经节后体腔两侧;附腺呈半透明状,中间背侧表面具有浅槽,前端和后端具有深凹陷,后端与背中叶嵌合。该研究初步揭示了拉合尔钝缘蜱各系统器官的位置与结构,为进一步在软蜱不同器官开展蜱传病原检测及病原传播规律研究奠定了基础。

To investigate the anatomical methods applicable to Ornithodoros lahorensis and to reveal the internal organ locations and structures of O.lahorensis.O.lahorensis,a dominant species of soft ticks in Xinjiang were selected as research object.Its adult ticks were fixed in solid paraffin and dissected,and the internal structure were observed with stereomicroscope.Then the anatomical structural features were analyzed.The paraffin fixation and cryopreservation methods are suitable for pre-dissection fixation of O.lahorensis,and are beneficial for maintaining the integrity of internal organs of O.lahorensis.O.lahorensis trachea is white reticulated and encloses the outer surface of the visceral organs.In the digestive system,the midgut is dark brown tubular,occupying most of the body cavity.The midgut stomach is longer and wider,with shorter lateral branches to sides of body margin,without ventral lateral curvature.The rectal sac is located in the posterior part of the midline of the abdomen,and is in the shape of two thin film sacs.The salivary glands show grape bunches and attach to the anterior side of the body cavity.In the nervous system,one synganglion(brain)is located at the horizontal line of the basal ganglia of the legⅠandⅡ,in a highly dense and fused mass.In the excretory system,a pair of Malpighian tubules show white dense tubes form and are located laterally in the midgut.In the circulatory system,the heart show translucent subtriangular sharp and are located dorsally to the midgut at the intersection of the horizontal line of the third pair of leg and the dorsal midline.In the female reproductive system,the ovaries are horseshoe-shaped and curved and are located on the ventral surface of the posterior lobe of the midgut and the rectal sac.The uterus is horn-shaped and white tubular.The Gené's organ is located in the pore of the cephalic fossa and formed by a short anterior neck and two posterior capsular horns.In the male reproductive system,a pair of testes show long tubes form and are located on both sides of the posterior somatic cavity of the symphysis.The accessory gland is translucent with a shallow groove on the middle dorsal surface,a deep depression at the front and rear ends,and the rear end embedded with the dorsolateral lobe.This study preliminarily reveals the location and structure of each systemic organ of O.lahorensis and provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the detection of tick-borne pathogens and pathogen transmission patterns in different organs of soft ticks.