辽人墓志铭与“撰述”相关问题蠡探

Rules and Characteristics on the Writing of Epitaph Inscriptions of Liao Dynasty

辽人墓志石刻是研究辽朝史事的第一手资料。但是,若想真正科学合理地利用墓志石刻资料对辽朝历史问题进行更加深入细致之研究,就应该了解一些与其“撰述”相关的问题,诸如:文人自谦心态下的被动承写;丧家和“志文”作者对墓志铭功用的共识;墓志铭文本取材的多源渠道;墓志铭与《辽史》“本传”记事的平行关系;“志文”作者对志主“敏感问题”书写的不同取向;墓志铭文本优劣的外在表象,等等。只有将这些问题弄清楚了,才能了解“志文”中哪些内容真实可信,可以援引利用;哪些内容属虚夸溢美,需斟酌分辨。

The epitaph inscriptions are first-hand accounts for the study of Liao history.But we should understand the rules and characteristics of writing them if we want to engaged in the research of Liao history by scientifically using the epitaph data.For example,the modest literatus,the consensus from the dependents and authors,the different versions of the epitaph inscriptions,the relationship between the epitaph inscriptions and Liao history,the author's attitude towards the decedent's privacy,and pros and cons of the different versions,etc.We can distinguish the true from the false only by doing so.