土壤中微塑料对重金属吸附作用的研究进展

Heavy metal sorption by microplastics in soil:A review

微塑料可以改变土壤的物理性质,影响土壤功能,吸附重金属形成复合污染物。通过研究归纳土壤中微塑料吸附重金属的吸附机制,并分析了微塑料对重金属吸附能力的影响因素。微塑料对重金属的吸附机制主要是微塑料的表面性质、络合作用、官能团和分子作用力等多种机制并存。影响微塑料吸附重金属能力的因素主要有土壤中重金属性质、微塑料本身性质、土壤环境的pH和盐度、温度及滞留时间等。同时,分析土壤环境中微塑料吸附重金属的吸附机制及其相关影响因素,并展望土壤中微塑料—重金属复合污染物的联合效应,及实际环境条件的复杂特性等,从而为探索土壤中微塑料—重金属的复合污染机理提供参考,以及为农田土壤中风险防控和治理提供依据。

Microplastics can change the physical properties of soil,affect soil function,and adsorb heavy metals to form complex contaminants.In this study,the adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals adsorbed by microplastics in soil are summarized,and their influencing factors are analyzed.The adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals adsorbed by microplastics in soil is mainly the coexistence of various mechanisms,such as surface properties,complexation,functional groups and molecular forces of microplastics.The adsorption capacity of heavy metals adsorbed by microplastics is controlled by property of heavy metals and microplastics,pH,salinity,temperature,and retention time of soil environment.And finally,we discussed some future prospects,combined effects of microplastic-heavy metal complex pollutants,and complex characteristics of actual environmental conditions.This paper aims to provide a reference for studying the related mechanisms for microplastic-heavy metals combined pollution in soil,as well as a guide for its risk control and treatment in agricultural soil.