肠道微生物“暗物质”与膳食营养对人体健康的影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Impact of Gut Microbial“Dark Matter”and Dietary Nutrition on Human Health

肠道微生物“暗物质”是指在人体肠道中以低丰度或稀有丰度形式存在并影响人体健康,但其作用及其机制有待揭示的肠道微生物。目前对于膳食、肠道微生物群、宿主健康三者之间关系的研究大多集中于人体肠道中高丰度微生物群,而往往忽视了肠道微生物“暗物质”的作用。因此,本文综述了膳食营养、肠道微生物“暗物质”、宿主健康三者之间的相互作用关系以及微生物组学技术的新进展;讨论了探索微生物“暗物质”与人体健康之间作用机制的重要性,为今后通过饮食干预影响肠道微生物,从而预防甚至改善疾病提供新的思路。

Gut microbial"dark matter"refers to the microorganism that exists in low or rare abundance in the gastrointestinal tract and affects human health,without a clear disclosure of its influence and the related mechanism.Most current studies on the relationship among diet,gut microbiota,and host health have focused on the high-abundance gut microbiota,while the role of gut microbial"dark matter"has often been neglected.Therefore,this paper reviews the interactions among dietary nutrition,gut microbial"dark matter",and host health,as well as the new advances in microbiomics technologies,discusses the importance of exploring the acting mechanisms of microbial"dark matter"on human health,and provides new ideas for future dietary interventions to influence gut microbiota for preventing or even improving human diseases.