高寒牧区小黑麦与3种豆科牧草混播草地的土壤肥力特征

Effects of mix-sowing of triticale and legume forage on surface soil fertility in alpine pastoral areas

【目的】探究小黑麦与不同豆科牧草混播时草地土壤养分特征。【方法】研究了3个豆科牧草品种(青建1号饲用豌豆,青海箭筈豌豆和绿箭1号箭筈豌豆)与甘农2号小黑麦以不同混播比例(0∶100、20∶80、30∶70、40∶60、50∶50、60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、100∶0)混播对浅层土壤养分含量的影响。【结果】混播组合A1(小黑麦×青建1号)有利于提高土壤有机质、碱解氮含量和降低土壤pH值,A2(小黑麦×青海箭筈豌豆)和A3(小黑麦×绿箭1号)有利于提高土壤全磷、速效磷和速效钾的含量;混播比例随豆科牧草比例的增加,有机质、全氮、碱解氮和全磷含量显著升高(P<0.05),土壤pH值和速效磷含量显著下降(P<0.05);混播组合与混播比例的交互作用表明,混播比小黑麦单播的土壤pH值降低0.55%~1.52%,有机质含量提高13.07%~18.30%,全氮含量提高20.24%~44.05%,碱解氮含量提高5.44%~12.5%,全磷含量提高12.77%~29.79%,速效磷含量下降17.15%~44.62%,速效钾含量提高6.61%~19.06%。【结论】与小黑麦单播相比,小黑麦与豆科牧草混播有利于改善土壤养分供应,提高土壤肥力,以小黑麦和饲用豌豆(40∶60)的混播比例时,土壤肥力状况最好。

【Objective】To investigate the characteristics of grassland soil nutrients when triticale is mixed with different legumes.【Method】This study was conducted to evaluate the content of soil nutrients of different mixed sowings by using three varieties of legume forage(Qingjian No.1,Qinghai common vetch and Green Arrow No.1)to mix with triticale Gannong No.2 at different mixed ratios,0∶100、20∶80、30∶70、40∶60、50∶50、60∶40、70∶30、80∶20、100∶0,respectively.【Result】The results showed that A1(triticale×Qingjian No.1)was beneficial to increase the soil organic matter,available nitrogen and decrease soil pH;A2(triticale×Qinghai common vetch)and A3(triti⁃cale×Green Arrow No.1)were beneficial to increase the total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available po⁃tassium within the soil.With the increase of ratio of legumes,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and total phosphorus increased significantly(P<0.05),while the contents of soil pH and available phospho⁃rus decreased significantly(P<0.05).The interaction of the species combination and the mixture ratio showed that compared with triticale unicast the average pH of mixed sowing decreased by 0.55%~1.52%,the organic matter content increased by 13.07%~18.3%,the total nitrogen content increased by 20.24%~44.05%,and the available nitrogen content increased by 5.44%~12.5%.【Conclusion】Therefore,the mixed sowing of triticale and legumes are beneficial to improve soil nutrient supply and soil fertility than triticale unicast.