江西贡水流域水系格局与丹霞地貌关系研究

Study on the Relation between Water System Pattern and Danxia Landform in Gongshui River Basin of Jiangxi Province

贡水流域广泛分布有各类强烈褶皱、断裂构造、丹霞地貌并具有独特的水系格局,红层分布广泛,是我国东南部丹霞地貌集中分布区之一。构造地貌能够记录构造运动长期积累的地表变形,而水系是对构造作用反映最敏感的地貌之一,可以用来研究丹霞地貌。以贡水流域水系格局特征为研究对象,基于遥感手段与GIS空间分析功能及Python批量处理数据功能,通过对贡水流域内小流域中丹霞地貌点特征与河流平均长度比值、河流平均分支比比值,水系密度、河流分形维数及水系方位角研究,分析其对流域内构造地貌的影响,探讨研究区水系格局与丹霞地貌的关系。结果表明:贡水流域内小流域中丹霞地貌点与河流平均长度比值及河流平均分支比比值成反比,与水系密度及河流分形维数成正比,即在贡水流域上白垩统红层区,水系密度值较高、水系发育较完善的地区丹霞地貌分布更为密集;贡水流域受北东向的屯溪-鹰潭-安远大断裂,北东东向的崇安-河源断裂及宜黄-宁都断裂带影响,研究区内1级水系、2级水系与3级水系的方位角主要走向为北北东方向,其对研究区1、2、3级水系发育起主要控制作用;4级水系主要走向为北东方向,5级与6级水系主要走向为北北东方向,次要走向为北西方向,可能是受崇安-河源断裂带、宜山-全南断裂带共同影响形成。贡水流域内丹霞地貌线性构造特征空间分布走向主要方向为北东方向,与流域内主要断裂带方向以及流域内水系主要走向一致。研究结果对保护和利用丹霞地貌提供科学依据具有参考意义。

Gongshui River basin is widely distributed in various strong folds,fault structure,Danxia landform,and has a unique water system pattern,the red layer is widely distributed,is one of the concentrated distribution areas of Danxia landform in southeast China.Tectonic landform can record the long-term accumulated surface deformation of the tectonic movement,and the water system is one of the most sensitive landforms to reflect the tectonic action,which can be used to study the Danxia landform.This paper studies the characteristics of water system pattern in Gongshui basin,based on remote sensing means and GIS spatial analysis function and Python power processing data function,studies the ratio,water density,river fractal dimension and water system orientation,and discusses the relationship between water system pattern and danxia landform.The results show that the Danxia landform points in the Gongshui basin are inversely proportional to the river average length ratio,and the river average branch ratio is proportional to the water system density,the water system and the river fractal dimension are more dense.Among them,the main direction of the level 4 water system and the secondary direction of the level 5 water system are consistent with the direction of the spatial distribution direction of some Danxia landform points in the Upper Cretaceous Red layer area.The research results are of reference significance for providing a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of Danxia landform.