饲用抗生素替代物在畜禽生产上的研究进展

Research Progress of Feed Antibiotic Substitutes on Livestock and Poultry Production

长期使用和滥用抗生素导致多重耐药菌的出现和传播,严重威胁人类健康与生态环境。为了应对这一全球性公共卫生威胁,许多国家陆续禁止抗生素作为促生长类饲料添加剂在动物生产中使用。近年来,酸化剂、酶制剂、益生菌、寡糖、植物源活性物质等功能性物质已被证明具有替代饲用抗生素的潜力,具有安全、高效、低残留、低污染的优势以及提高动物抗病能力和生产效率等功效。文章围绕上述饲用抗生素替代物近年来在猪和家禽生产中的应用研究,对其应用效果、作用机制以及存在的问题进行分析,以期为后抗生素时代的饲料配制技术创新提供参考。

The long-term use and misuse of antibiotics lead to the emergence and spread of multidrug-re⁃sistant bacteria,posing a serious threat to human health and the ecological environment.In response to this global public health threat,many countries have progressively banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promoting feed additives in animal production.In recent years,functional substances such as acidifiers,enzymes,probiotics,oligosaccharide,and phytochemicals have been proven to have the poten⁃tial to replace feed antibiotics.These alternatives offer advantages such as safety,efficacy,low residue levels,low pollution,and the ability to improve disease resistance and productive efficiency of animals.This article focuses on the application research of these antibiotic alternatives in pig and poultry produc⁃tion,expounding their effectiveness,mechanisms of action,and existing issues,in order to provide refer⁃ences for technological innovations in feed production in the post-antibiotic era.