复杂环境下工程建设项目应急物流选址-路径问题研究

Location-routing Problem of Emergency Logistics for Engineering Construction Projects Under Complex Environments

在复杂环境工程建设项目中,应急物资保障是灾后应急救援的关键。本文针对应急物流中心选址-路径规划问题,综合考虑需求不确定、拥堵时间不确定、最大救援时间要求、多车型情形等因素,采用三角模糊数刻画不确定参数,构建基于多场景的两阶段模糊非线性选址-路径模型。通过模型整合、线性化处理和去模糊化处理,得到单目标确定性模型,并采用Gurobi求解器进行求解。以西部高原山区某超大型铁路建设项目为例,通过模型对比和灵敏度分析,验证模型的有效性和适用性。实例结果表明:随着选址数量的增加,仓储成本提高5.9%,5个场景的响应时间平均缩短15.2%,最大响应时间缩短7.8%;相较于期望值模型,本文所建模型在仓储成本和应急响应时间方面更优;仓储成本与需求水平线性相关,而最大响应时间受到需求水平和拥堵时间的共同影响。本文建立的模型可以科学选取应急设施位置并制定应急救援路径,减少应急救援的响应时间和仓储成本,为复杂艰险地区工程建设项目应急物资调度提供决策支持。

Emergency material security is the key to post-disaster emergency relief in engineering and construction projects under complex environments.This paper addresses an emergency logistics center location-routing problem,taking into account demand uncertainty,congestion time uncertainty,maximum rescue time requirements,multi-type vehicles,and other factors.This paper adopts triangular fuzzy numbers to inscribe uncertain parameters and constructs a two-stage fuzzy nonlinear location-routing model based on scenarios.A single-objective deterministic model is obtained by integration,linearization and defuzzification,and the Gurobi solver is used to solve it.A super large railroad construction project in the mountainous region of the western plateau of Sichuan Province is taken as an example,and the validity and applicability of the model are verified through model comparison and sensitivity analysis.The results show that as the number of locations increases,storage costs increase by 5.9%,response times for the five scenarios are reduced by an average of 15.2%and the maximum response time is reduced by 7.8%.Compared with the Expected-value model,the model built in this paper is superior in terms of storage cost and emergency response time.The storage cost is linearly related to the demand level,while the maximum response time is affected by both the demand level and the congestion time.The model established in this paper can scientifically select the location of emergency facilities and develop emergency rescue paths to reduce the storage cost and response time of emergency rescue.It can provide decision support for dispatching emergency materials for engineering construction projects in complex and difficult areas.