王安石《元日》“屠苏”考

Interpretation of“túsū”in Wang Anshi’s“Yuanri”

王安石《元日》诗之“屠苏”有建筑、药酒二说,其当为药酒。从语词训释来看,“春风送暖入屠苏”之“入”当训“进”,义为喝、饮用;全句之义即为在生机孕发的时令中饮入加热的屠苏酒而顿感暖意倍增。在宋人诗词用例中,“入屠苏”即有“饮用屠苏”之义。释“屠苏”为药酒,亦符合文本所描摹的历史民俗语境。“屠苏”之“屠”当读如“瘏”,为病之义;“屠苏”义即为“疾病痊愈”,有祈求康复之寓意。

“屠苏”(túsū)in Wang Anshi’s poem“Yuanri”(the Lunar New Year’s Day)has two meanings:architecture or medicinal wine.From the perspective of phrasal interpretation,the meaning of the whole sentence“the spring breeze brings warmth to help the wine mature”is to drink the heated“túsū”wine and feel much warmer in the bursting season.The interpretation of“túsū”as medicinal wine also conforms to the historical and folk context described in the text.The“屠”of“屠苏”should be read as“瘏(tú)”,meaning disease.“屠苏”means“healing the disease”,implying praying for recovery.