大豆种质资源耐老化综合评价及筛选

Comprehensive Evaluation and Screening of Soybean Germplasm Resources Aging Resistance

种子老化是影响种子活力的重要因素,大豆种子活力影响出苗质量,与大豆高产和稳产密切相关。为筛选抗老化性强、抗衰老敏感的大豆品种,本研究通过高温高湿人工老化处理大豆种子,对346份大豆种质资源的耐老化性进行鉴定。通过分析参试品种发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数指标,明确各指标间的差异性和关联性,采用隶属函数方法对大豆种质资源耐老化性进行全面评估。结果表明:人工老化处理后,各品种大豆种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数显著降低;发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数间呈显著正相关;隶属函数综合评价结果表明,346份大豆种质资源耐老化性存在不同程度差异;聚类分析可将品种分为3类:(1)耐老化型:元宝金、黑秣食豆和抚松黄大豆等61个品种耐老化性较强;(2)中间型:铁豆48、奎丰1号和辽豆24等137个品种耐老化性次之;(3)敏感型:吉育93、勃利大粒黄和吉育35等148个品种耐老化性较差。研究结果为耐老化大豆品种的选育提供了丰富种质资源材料和理论依据支撑。

Seed aging was an important factor affecting seed vigor.Soybean seed vigor affected seedling quality and was closely related to high and stable yield of soybean.In order to screen soybean varieties with strong anti-aging and anti-aging sensitivity,the aging resistance of 346 soybean germplasm resources was identified by high temperature and high humidity artificial aging treatment of soybean seeds.By analyzing the germination rate,germination potential and germination index of the tested varieties,the differences and correlations among the indexes were clarified,and the aging resistance of soybean germplasm resources was comprehensively evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that the germination rate,germination potential and germination index of soybean seeds decreased significantly after artificial aging treatment.There was a significant positive correlation between germination rate,germination potential and germination index.The comprehensive evaluation results of membership function showed that there were different degrees of aging resistance in 346 soybean germplasm resources.Cluster analysis could be divided into three categories:(1)Aging-resistant type:61 varieties such as Yuanbaojin,Heimoshidou and Fusonghuangdadou had strong aging resistance;(2)Intermediate type:137 varieties such as Tiedou 48,Kuifeng 1 and Liaodou 24 followed by aging resistance;(3)Sensitive type:148 varieties such as Jiyu 93,Bolidalihuang and Jiyu 35 had poor aging resistance.The results provided abundant germplasm resources and theoretical basis for the breeding of aging-resistant soybean varieties.