长距离过海隧道高精度三维空间基准传递与贯通测量分析

Analysis of High Precision 3D Spatial Datum Transfer and Penetration Survey for Long Distance Sea Crossing Tunnel

作为第一条长距离过海隧道,青岛地铁1号线胶州湾海底段全长3.4 km,如何保证海底隧道的准确贯通成为施工的关键。本文采用GNSS静态观测、精密导线测量及高等级跨海高程联测方式建立高精度三维空间基准,探究影响隧道贯通的误差来源,应用误差传播定律对贯通精度进行估算,提出以交叉双导线加测陀螺边引测平面坐标和方位角、斜井高等级几何水准方式传递高程的测量方案。通过实际测量,1号线过海段水平贯通误差为5.2 mm、高程贯通误差为9.0 mm,验证了测量方案的准确性,为长距离过海隧道工程提供有益借鉴。

As the first long distance sea crossing tunnel,the Jiaozhou Bay subsea section of Qingdao Metro Line 1 has a total length of 3.4 km.How to ensure the accurate penetration of the subsea tunnel has become the key to the project.In this paper,GNSS static observation,precision traverse survey and high-level cross sea elevation joint survey methods are used to establish high-precision 3D spatial benchmarks,explore the sources of errors affecting tunnel penetration,apply law of error propagation to estimate the penetration accuracy,and propose a measurement scheme that uses cross double traverse plus gyro to measure plane coordinates and azimuth angles,and high-level geometric leveling of inclined shafts to transfer elevation.Through actual measurement,the horizontal penetration error of the sea crossing section of Line 1 is 5.2 mm,and the elevation penetration error is 9.0 mm,which verifies the accuracy of the measurement scheme and provides a useful reference for long-distance sea crossing tunnel engineering.