基于海洋气象漂流浮标的动态测风技术研究

Research on Dynamic Wind Measurement Technology Based on Marine Meteorological Drifting Buoy

利用海洋气象漂流浮标对海洋风数据进行观测具有成本低、可抛弃性的优势,然而,海洋气象漂流浮标在海上动态观测环境中传感器倾角不断变化且改变速度不确定,引起了较大的测量误差;针对这一问题,搭建了模拟海洋动态环境的测风实验平台,选用FT742-SM型超声波测风传感器对风速风向数据进行测量,并利用欧拉角模型和四元数模型对测风传感器姿态变化时的三个倾角进行解算;通过多次实验数据对比分析,发现传感器俯仰角θ和横滚角γ对风速风向测量影响最大,进而提出了多变量拟合的方法对所测风速风向数据进行误差补偿,补偿后的数据准确性得到了较大的提升;最后,结合真风订正算法设计了漂流浮标测风算法总流程,为后续的海洋气象漂流浮标测风提供了很好的参考价值。

an Ocean meteorological drifting buoy has the advantages of low cost and disposable to observe ocean wind data.However,the sensor inclination of the ocean meteorological drifting buoy is changing in the dynamic observation environment at sea,and the changing speed is uncertain,which results in large measurement error.Aimed at this problem,an experimental platform for wind measurement is built,and an ultrasonic wind sensor(FT742-SM)is selected to measure wind speed and direction,and the quaternion model is used to calculate three obliquities of the wind sensor.Through the comparison and analysis of several experimental data,it is found that the pitch angleθand roll angleγof the sensor have the greatest influence on the wind speed and direction measurement,and a multi-variable fitting method is proposed to compensate the error of the measured wind speed and direction data,the accuracy of the compensated data has been greatly improved.Finally,combined with the true wind correction algorithm,the general process of the drifting buoy wind measurement algorithm is designed,which provides a good reference value for subsequent marine meteorological drifting buoy wind measurement.