化成车间锂离子电池火灾扑救对策研究

Research on fire fighting countermeasures of lithium-ion battery in chemical formation workshop

高充电状态下的锂离子电池燃烧过程更加复杂,是化成车间锂离子电池火灾扑救困难的主要原因。通过阅读有关锂离子电池火灾研究的文献,首先从锂离子电池结构和工作原理、生产工艺流程、火灾原因、火灾危险性四个方面阐述锂离子电池安全性问题;接着结合国内典型化成车间锂离子电池火灾案例,总结出锂离子电池热失控难以控制、电池堆垛连锁反应难以控制、爆炸使人员进攻困难、常规灭火剂难以扑救这四点此类火灾扑救难点;最后,参考关于锂离子电池火灾扑救的研究成果,针对前面总结的四个扑救难点,提出四点扑救对策,分别是加强对故障电池的控制、保护和疏散锂电池、做好爆炸危险防范、合理使用灭火剂。以期为消防救援人员了解此类火灾的危险性和扑救难点,更好地扑救此类火灾提供参考。

The combustion process of lithium-ion batteries in a high charging state is more complicated,which is the main reason for the difficulty of fire fighting of lithium-ion batteries in the chemical formation workshop.By reading the literature on lithium-ion battery fire research,the safety of lithium-ion batteries is first expounded from four aspects:lithium-ion battery structure and working principle,production process,fire cause,and fire hazard.Then,combined with the typical lithium-ion battery fire cases in domestic chemical formation workshops,it is concluded that the thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is difficult to control,the chain reaction of battery stacking is difficult to control,the explosion makes it difficult for personnel to attack,and the conventional fire extinguishing agent is difficult to extinguish these four such fire fighting difficulties.Finally,referring to the research results on lithium-ion battery fire fighting,for the four fighting difficulties summarized above,four fighting countermeasures are proposed,which are to strengthen the control of faulty batteries,protect and evacuate lithium batteries,do a good job in explosion hazard prevention,and rationally use fire extinguishing agents.It is hoped that it will provide references for fire rescuers to understand the danger and difficulty of fighting such fires,and to better fight such fires.