数控机床滚动轴承与齿轮的振动机理及故障诊断技术

Vibration Mechanism and Fault Diagnosis Technology of NC Machine Tool Rolling Bearing and Gear

本研究基于数控机床滚动轴承和齿轮的振动机理,采集振动信号并开展时域、频域分析,对其潜在故障进行了诊断。文章分别概述了滚动轴承与齿轮的故障特征信息、典型故障分析与诊断方法。随后通过实例分析,运用故障诊断技术对某数控机床的滚动轴承和齿轮工况展开了检测、分析。诊断结果显示后轴承外环与齿轮存在缺陷,通过拆机检查确认轴承外环有剥落、齿轮有磨损,实际检测结果与故障诊断结果一致,说明本文提出的基于振动信号频域分析的故障诊断技术具有可用性。

Based on the vibration mechanism of rolling bearings and gears of CNC machine tools,vibration signals were collected and analyzed in time domain and frequency domain,and the potential faults were diagnosed.This paper summarizes the fault characteristic information,typical fault analysis and diagnosis methods of rolling bearing and gear respectively.Then,through an example analysis,the rolling bearing and gear of a CNC machine tool are tested and analyzed by using fault diagnosis technology.The diagnosis results show that there are defects in the rear bearing outer ring and gear,and the spalling of the bearing outer ring and wear of the gear are confirmed through the disassembling inspection.The actual test results are consistent with the fault diagnosis results,indicating that the fault diagnosis technology proposed in this paper based on vibration signal frequency domain analysis is available.