基于时空维度的国土空间生态服务功能评价研究

Research on Evaluation of Land Spatial Ecological Service Function Based on Spatio-temporal Dimension

基于“结构─功能─问题”的研究思路,构建了以土地用地格局、生态系统服务功能为主要研究内容,耦合不同研究机制,在时空维度下定性定量评估了近20 a(2000—2020年)宁波市生态系统质量功能变化,分析了生态退化机制,研究显示:宁波市土地利用变化在很大程度上表现为耕地、林地、园地、建设用地间相互转化,尤其是耕地向林地、建设用地的转化较明显。伴随城镇化发展,建设用地的扩张压缩了生物栖息空间,降低了生物多样性。因基础设施建设和人工干扰植被群落,导致了连片的森林群落降低及森林质量部分下降,影响了生物生活环境、固碳能力和生产服务总体增强。应从增加植被覆盖度、提高农业集约化、构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络、开展森林精准抚育、改善森林固碳能力、完善环境基础设施、推进农业农村环境综合整治等方面布局生态系统修复和保护工程。

Based on the research idea of“structure,function and problem”,we focused on land use pattern,landscape pattern and ecosystem service function,coupled different research mechanisms,qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the changes of ecosystem quality and function in Ningbo in recent 20 years(2000-2020)from the perspective of time and space,and analyzed the mechanism of ecological degradation.The research shows that the change of land use in Ningbo City is mainly manifested as the mutual transformation among cultivated land,forest land,garden land and construction land,especially the conversion of cultivated land to forest land and construction land is obvious.With the development of urbanization,the expansion of construction land has compressed the habitat space and reduced biodiversity.Due to infrastructure construction and artificial disturbance of vegetation community,the contiguity degree of forest community and forest quality are reduced,affecting biological living environment,carbon sequestration capacity and production services are generally enhanced.Ecological system restoration and protection projects will be carried out in such aspects as increasing vegetation coverage,improving agricultural intensification,building ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks,carrying out precise forest tending,improving forest carbon sequestration capacity,improving environmental infrastructure,and promoting the comprehensive improvement of agricultural and rural environment.