清中期华北市镇发展水平探析——以海河水系沿岸市镇为中心

Analysis on Development Level of Towns of North China in Middle Qing Dynasty:Take Haihe River as the Center

市镇作为明清农村商品经济发展的微观缩影,其发展水平的高低是区域农村商业及手工业发展程度的重要指征,也是清代华北地区城镇体系嬗替的重要动因。清中期,随着海河水系干支流构建的水运网络体系被盘活,大量市镇沿河流两岸发育和聚集,成为华北地区市镇发展的核心。基于对海河水系沿岸市镇类型和规模的梳理和判定,通过与太湖水系沿岸市镇进行定量与定性对比,对海河水系沿岸市镇发展水平进行了综合评价,结果显示:清中期海河水系沿岸市镇的发展速度较快,但市镇规模与类型均与太湖水系沿岸市镇发展相去甚远,经济社会发展仍处于起步阶段。市镇发展水平较低导致了华北地区近现代城乡体系构建过程中“镇”这一层级的缺失,也是当前协同推动区域乡村振兴战略和新型城镇化建设中城乡二元结构壁垒的主要根源之一。

As the microcosmic microcosm of the development of rural commodity economy in Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development level of towns is an important indication of the development level of regional rural commerce and handicraft industry,and also an important motivation for the evolution of urban system in North China in Qing Dynasty.In the mid-Qing Dynasty,with the revitalization of the water transport network system constructed by the main tributaries of Haihe River system,a large number of towns developed and gathered along the banks of the river,which became the core of the development of towns in North China.Based on combing and judging the types and scales of towns along Haihe River system,through quantitative and qualitative comparison with the towns along the Taihu Lake system,the development level of the towns along the Haihe River system is comprehensively evaluated.It is considered that the towns along the Haihe River system developed rapidly in the middle Qing Dynasty,but the scale and types of towns are far from those along the Taihu Lake system,and the economic and social development is still in the initial stage.The low level of town development leads to the lack of the level of“town”in the process of building modern urban-rural system in North China,and it is also one of the main sources of urban-rural dual structure barriers in the current coordinated promotion of regional rural revitalization strategy and new urbanization construction.