基于测井资料的地层压力预测方法研究进展

Research Progress in Formation Pressure Prediction Methods Based on Logging Data

随着油气勘探开发的进步,越来越多异常压力盆地被发现,地层压力的准确预测可以保障钻井安全并且提高钻井成功率,防止钻井事故发生。首先对异常低压和异常高压成因进行系统分析,然后对基于测井资料的常用地层压力预测方法进行了原理阐述和适用性分析,包括常用的依赖于正常压实趋势线方法、基于有效应力定理方法、基于泥岩预测方法、随钻地层压力预测方法及其他地层压力预测方法,以期为地层压力预测方法的选择提供基础。研究分析认为在进行地层压力预测时,需要对该地区的地层压力情况进行分析,考虑地层压力预测方法的局限性和不足,根据实测地层压力的特征及分布,利用已有的测井资料与实测资料选取多种方法进行比较分析,得到合适的地层压力预测方法。当地层岩石性质单一且地层为常压时,基于正常压实趋势线方法更适用且精度高;当地层压力异常或岩石性质复杂、多压力系统共存且压力不连续时,应选取多种预测方法,利用地层压力影响因素对地层压力进行分类预测,得到精度高且具有推广性的地层压力预测方法。

With the progress of oil and gas exploration and development,more and more abnormal pressure basins have been discovered.Accurate prediction of formation pressure can ensure drilling safety,improve drilling success rate,and prevent drilling accidents.Firstly,the causes of abnormal low pressure and abnormal high pressure are systematically analyzed.Then,the principles of commonly used formation pressure prediction methods based on logging data are elaborated and their applicability is analyzed,including commonly used methods that rely on normal compaction trend lines,methods based on effective stress theorem,methods based on mudstone prediction,while drilling formation pressure prediction methods,and other formation pressure prediction methods.It Provides a basis for selecting prediction methods of formation pressure.According to the research and analysis,it is necessary to analyze the formation pressure in the study area when the formation pressure prediction is carried out.Considering the limitations and shortcomings of the formation pressure prediction method,a variety of methods are selected for comparison and analysis based on the characteristics and distribution of the measured formation pressure using the logging data and the measured data,and the appropriate formation pressure prediction method is selected.When the rock properties of the local layer are single and the formation is under normal pressure,the method based on normal compaction trend line is more suitable and has high accuracy.When the local formation pressure is abnormal or the rock properties are complex,multiple pressure systems coexist,and the pressure is discontinuous,multiple prediction methods should be selected to predict the formation pressure for comparison.The factors affecting the formation pressure should be used to classify and predict the formation pressure,in order to obtain high-precision and generalizable methods for predicting formation pressure.