单细胞RNA测序技术在非小细胞肺癌研究中的应用

Applications of single cell RNA sequencing technology in the study of non⁃small cell lung cancer

肺癌是世界范围内死亡率最高的癌症,其中以非小细胞肺癌(non⁃small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)最为常见。以CAR⁃T细胞治疗、免疫检查点阻断为代表的肿瘤免疫治疗,成为肺癌免疫治疗研究领域的前沿热点,但由于肿瘤免疫抑制性微环境、肿瘤特异性抗原的缺乏以及耐药性等不良因素的影响,其临床治疗效果仍不理想,亟需探究肺癌相关新的分子靶点和分子机制。单细胞RNA测序(single⁃cell RNA sequencing,scRNA⁃seq)技术是在单细胞水平对转录组进行高通量测序的一项新技术,可以研究单个细胞内的基因表达情况,从而了解细胞的功能和状态。利用该技术有望深入了解肺癌的发生发展机制,发现新的肺癌治疗靶点,揭示肺癌耐药性产生的分子机制,进一步完善对患者的预后和风险评估,促进肺癌精准医学的发展。本文对scRNA⁃seq在NSCLC中的应用和研究进展进行综述。

Lung cancer,of which non⁃small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)is the most common,has the highest mortality rate worldwide.Tumor immunotherapy,represented by CAR⁃T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blocking,has become a frontier hot spot in the field of cancer research.However,due to the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment,the lack of tumor specific antigen and drug resistance,the therapeutic effect is still not ideal,and it’s urgent to explore new molecular targets and related molecular mechanisms.Single⁃cell RNA sequencing(scRNA⁃seg)is a new technology for high⁃throughput sequencing of transcriptome at the single⁃cell level,which can study gene expression in a single cell to understand the function and state of the cell.Using this technology,it is expected to find new targets for the cancer treatment and further understand the mechanism of tumor occurrence and development.This review summarizs the application and research progress of scRNA⁃seq in NSCLC.