论21世纪长篇小说中的农民“返乡”题材

On the Theme of Peasants′"Returning to the Countryside"in 21st Century Novels

长期以来,中国新文学对农民“进城”做了丰富的书写,但很少有创作者关注到农民“返乡”这一现象,即使有表现也只将其作为“进城”叙事的悲剧性结果。21世纪以来的长篇小说对这一话题的关注发生了明显变化。不同于以往文学中“进城”书写的城乡二元对立与苦难展示,近年来“返乡”农民叙事展现出别样的图景,即相当正面地描写了农民“返乡”后的经历与命运,更重要的是“返乡”农民还表现出对自我身份与乡村文化的认同,并在投身乡村建设的过程中实现了现代性主体的建构,构画了新时代农民形象谱系。当然,农民“返乡”叙事也存在一些问题,返乡农民形象塑造细节上的裂痕,情节模式化、概念化及作品风格的传奇化倾向,都展现出农民“返乡”书写转向的艰难。

For a long time,Chinese new literature has written richly about peasants′"migrating to the city,"but few writers have paid attention to the phenomenon of peasants′"returning to the countryside",or if they have shown it,they only treated it as a tragic result of the narrative of"migrating to the city".Since the 21st century,the attention to this topic in long novels has changed significantly.Unlike the urban-rural dichotomy and hardships of previous literature,the narrative of peasants′"returning to the countryside"has taken on a new look in recent years,depicting the experiences and fate of peasants in a rather positive way.More importantly,the"returning"peasants also show their identification with their own identity and rural culture,and in the process of joining the construction of the countryside,they have realized the construction of modernity subject and constructed a genealogy of the image of peasants in the new era.Of course,there are also some problems in the narrative of peasants′"returning to the countryside".The paradox in the details of the image of returning peasants,the schematization and conceptualization of the plot,and the tendency of the legendary style of the works all show the difficulty of turning to the writing about peasants′"returning to the countryside".