磷脂型DHA的消化、吸收与转运

Digestion,Absorption and Transport of Phospholipid DHA

二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)参与大脑生长发育,影响大脑中神经递质、突触可塑性以及信号转导等生理功能。目前,市售DHA膳食补充剂产品较多,其脂质结构主要分为甘油三酯型DHA(TAG-DHA)、乙酯型DHA(EE-DHA)和磷脂型DHA(PL-DHA)。DHA不同酯化结构影响其吸收、转运和生物利用度。目前PL-DHA和TAG-DHA生物利用度高仍存在争议,而大部分的研究证明PL-DHA是最佳的DHA吸收形式,尤其是能被脑组织更好地吸收。本文比较分析磷脂型DHA与其它形式DHA的吸收、转运等,总结不同模型中磷脂型或甘油三酯型DHA在人体或动物体内生物利用度。目前大多是动物实验研究,还需更深入的人体试验,来探究PL-DHA在人体的吸收过程及其机理,评价其生物利用度以及对神经发育的长期作用。PL-DHA有望成为一种更高效的DHA食品营养强化剂,添加到婴儿配方奶粉中或制成胶囊服用。

Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)is involved in brain growth and development,and affects the regulation of neurotransmitters,synaptic plasticity and signal transduction in the brain.At present,DHA dietary supplement products on the market emerge in endlessly,which are mainly divided into triglyceride DHA(TAG-DHA),ethyl ester DHA(EE-DHA)and phospholipid DHA(PL-DHA).The different structure of DHA esterified will affect its absorption process,transport mechanism and bioavailability.Although it is still controversial whether the bioavailability of DHA in the form of PL-DHA or TAG-DHA is the best,most examples still prove that DHA carried by phospholipids(PL-DHA)is a better form of DHA supplement.In particular,it can be better absorbed by brain tissue.The absorption process and transport mechanism of PL-DHA and other forms of DHA were compared and reviewed in this work,as well as the bioavailability of PL-DHA or TAG-DHA in humans and animals,and also relevant literature in various models.It was considered that current research was mostly animal experimental research,and that more updated research to human research was required to better understand the absorption process and mechanism of PL-DHA in the human body,as well as to assess its bioavailability and long-term effect on neural development.PL-DHA was expected to be a more effective DHA supplement,which could be added to infant formula or taken in capsules.