数字经济背景下环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响——基于城市面板数据的分析

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Green Total Factor Productivity in the Context of the Digital Economy——Analysis Based on Prefecture-Level Cities Panel Data

在资源和环境的双重约束下,提高绿色全要素生产率对实现经济绿色高质量发展至关重要。数字经济在增强创新能力、优化资源配置等方面发挥着重要作用。在数字经济背景下,环境规制力度的加大是否有助于提高绿色全要素生产率还有待探讨。选取命令控制型和市场激励型两类环境规制手段,基于2009—2020年我国281个地级市(未含港澳台地区城市)样本数据,理论探讨并实证检验数字经济在环境规制对绿色全要素生产率影响中的调节效应。研究表明,环境规制显著影响绿色全要素生产率水平。其中,命令控制型环境规制的影响为负,遵循成本效应占主导;市场激励型环境规制的影响为正,创新补偿效应占主导。数字经济有助于经济绿色高质量发展,并逆向调节命令控制型环境规制的负向影响,正向调节市场激励型环境规制的正向影响,能够有效抑制命令控制型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的阻碍作用,强化市场激励型环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的促进作用。在考虑模型内生性问题及绿色全要素生产率的时间动态性、空间溢出性后,结论仍然成立。机制分析表明,绿色技术创新是环境规制和数字经济影响绿色全要素生产率的重要渠道。异质性检验发现,命令控制型环境规制负向影响程度最高的是东部地区,市场激励型环境规制正向影响在西部地区不显著,数字经济对环境规制的赋能作用在东部地区表现更突出。随着时间的推移,命令控制型环境规制的负向影响趋于减弱,市场激励型环境规制的正向影响趋于增强,数字经济的正向调节效应不断凸显。我国应加速数字经济发展,完善数字绿色基础设施建设,推广市场激励型环境规制的使用,实现环境规制从命令控制型向市场激励型转变,加强对环境污染的监督,加大对违法行为的惩罚力度。

Under the dual constraints of resources and environment,improving green total factor productivity and achieving green high-quality economic development are of utmost importance.The digital economy plays an important role in enhancing innovation capability and optimizing resource allocation.In the context of digital economy,if the increased environmental regulation is helpful in improving green total factor productivity is still to be explored.The authors select administrative order type and market incentive type environmental regulation;and based on the sample data of 281 prefecture-level cities(cities located in Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan are excluded)from 2009 to 2020,the authors theoretically explore and empirically verify the moderating effect of digital economy on the impact of environmental regulation on green total factor productivity.The results show that environmental regulation significantly affects the level of green total factor productivity.The impact of administrative order type is negative,which is dominated by cost effects;and the impact of market incentive type is positive,which is dominated by innovation compensation effects.The digital economy contributes to the high-quality development of green economy,it negatively regulates the negative impact of administrative order type environmental regulation and positively regulates the positive impact of market incentive type environmental regulation.It can effectively restrain the obstructing effect of administrative order type environmental regulation,and strengthen the promotion effect of market incentive type environmental regulation.After considering the endogeneity problem,and the temporal dynamics and spillover of green total factor productivity,the conclusions still hold.Mechanism analysis shows that green technology innovation is an important channel for environmental regulation and digital economy impacting the green total factor productivity.The heterogeneity test found that the administrative order type environmental regulation has the highest negative impact in the eastern region,while the market incentive type environmental regulation has no significant impact in the western region,and the enabling effect of digital economy on environmental regulation is more prominent in the eastern region.As time goes on,the negative impact of the administrative order type environmental regulation tends to weaken,the positive influence of the market incentive type environmental regulation tends to strengthen,and the positive regulation effect of the digital economy becomes more and more prominent.China should accelerate the development of the digital economy,improve the construction of digital green infrastructure,promote the use of market incentive type environmental regulations,achieve the transition from administrative order type environmental regulation to market incentive type environmental regulation,strengthen supervision and punishment of environmental pollution,and appropriately increase the intensity of punishment on illegal behaviors.