流动人口对城市创业的影响研究——基于创业生态系统的视角

Research on the Influence of Migrants on Urban Entrepreneurship——From the Perspective of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

创业是中国在经济转型升级时期应对就业创造、产业升级等挑战的关键手段,而随着中国城镇化进程中大规模的人口跨区域流动,流动人口与城市创业之间的关系成为学者们关注的重点。基于创业生态系统视角,构建流动人口与创业生态系统共同影响城市创业的理论模型,并基于497份中国城市样本对该模型进行了实证检验。研究发现:流动人口的规模和多样性特征对城市创业具有相反的作用,其中,规模维度负向影响城市创业,而多样性维度正向影响城市创业;创业生态系统的市场规模、创新能力、创业文化和金融资本要素均对流动人口与城市创业之间的关系起着中介作用,而政府规模、交通设施、互联网和人力资本要素均对流动人口与城市创业之间的关系起着调节作用。该结果表明,流动人口对城市创业的影响可能是直接影响,也可能是间接影响,而且流动人口的不同维度特征对城市创业的影响并不一致。为提升城市创业水平,各城市政府应该升级人才政策,优化人才结构;优化财政支出政策,树立有为政府目标;搭建人才交流平台,营造开放包容环境;优化市场和文化环境,丰富创业机会来源。

Entrepreneurship is a key means for China to cope with the challenges of job creation and industrial upgrading in the period of economic transformation and upgrading.And in the process of urbanization in China,with the large-scale transregional migration of population,the relationship between migrants and urban entrepreneurship has become the focus of scholars'attention.From the perspective of entrepreneurial ecosystem,the authors construct a theoretical model of migrants and entrepreneurial ecosystem jointly affecting urban entrepreneurship,and empirically tests the model based on 497 observations of Chinese cities.The results are as follows:the scale and diversity of migrants have opposite effects on urban entrepreneurship,specifically,the scale dimension negatively affects urban entrepreneurship,while the diversity dimension positively affects urban entrepreneurship;and market size,innovation ability,entrepreneurial culture and financial capital of entrepreneurial ecosystem play mediating roles in the relationship between migrants and urban entrepreneurship,while government size,transportation facilities,internet and human capital play moderating roles in the relationship between migrants and urban entrepreneurship.The results show that the influence of migrants on urban entrepreneurship may be direct or indirect,and the influence of different dimensional characteristics of migrants on urban entrepreneurship is not consistent.To improve the level of urban entrepreneurship,city governments should,first,upgrade the talent policy and optimize the talent structure;second,they should optimize fiscal expenditure policies and set up the goal of promising government;and third,they should build platforms for personnel exchanges and foster an open and inclusive environment.