现代汉语中“起”的句法语义系统新解:事件表达与时空转换

A New Interpretation of the Syntactic-Semantic System of“Qi”in Modern Chinese:Event Expression and Time-Space Transformation

现代汉语中,趋向动词“起”可以独立做谓语,做动后补语,做动前成分。做动前成分时,“起”既是词内成分,又承担句法功能。“起”族词汇是一个个位移事件的凝固,能挖掘更多“起”的句法语义特征。汉语的“起”作为语素能实现从语素到词、短语、句子的三级跨越,直接参与到句法配置中,四个层面一步到位。“位移事件表达”和“时空转换”以及汉语词法、句法配置的“贯通性”原理是“起”的句法语义系统的内在制约因素。

In modern Chinese,“Qi”(起)can be used independently as a predicate,a complement after a verb,and a component before a verb.When acting as a pre-verb component,“Qi”can be an intraword component or embodies a syntactic function.“Qi”family words are the solidification of motion events,and more syntactic and semantic features can be excavated from the internal structure.Chinese character“Qi”as a morpheme can achieve a three-level leap from morpheme to word,phrase,and sentence,and directly participate in syntactic configuration,and the four levels can be achieved in one step.“Motion event expression”and“space-time transformation”as well as the“consistency”principle of Chinese lexical and syntactic configuration are the internal constraints of the syntactic and semantic system of“Qi”.