基于ATP生物发光法的文物霉变检测与应用研究

Detection of mildew in cultural relics based on the ATP bioluminescence method and its application

为研究判定ATP(adenosine triphosphate,三磷酸腺苷)生物发光法在文物表面霉菌污染检测中应用可行性、科学性及适用性,利用ATP生物发光法对文物表面50种霉菌的生物发光值进行检测;构建了7种常见霉菌及其混合菌的菌落总数值与ATP生物发光值的线性关系函数,并在对应线性关系下分析了预测菌落总数值与实际值的差异;进一步利用ATP生物发光法评价模拟染霉试样在香茅醛熏蒸处理前后的霉菌数量变化。结果显示:50株待测霉菌中90%霉菌均检出了生物发光值(RLU)。在不同培养条件下,青霉、曲霉、木霉、毛壳菌、枝孢菌以及其混合菌的菌落总数对数值(lg^(CFU/mL))与生物发光对数值(lg^(RLU))之间均呈现了良好的线性关系,相关系数R^(2)>0.9817;在相应的线性关系下,预测的菌落总数值与实际平板计数的菌落总数值具有一致性(P<0.05),说明ATP生物发光法可以对文物表面霉菌进行准确相对定量。此外,香茅醛熏蒸处理组和对照组文物表面霉菌的生物发光值和菌落总数呈现了相同的差异变化趋势,说明ATP生物发光法可以直接用于熏蒸剂抑菌效力的评价。因此,ATP生物发光法在文物霉变检测中具有很高的适用性,同时在文物霉变程度分析及霉变文物消杀处理的效果评价等方面具有良好的应用价值,可为文物微生物病害的防控提供有效的技术支持。

The destruction of cultural relics by mold has become a main factor in the biological degradation of cultural relics,and the prevention and control of mold has also been a major challenge in the field of cultural relic conservation for a long time.Microbial testing is an important part of biological management in the preventive conservation of cultural relics and the prevention and control of harmful organisms.Timely provision of hazard analysis information can effectively reduce the frequency of microbial pollution and the probability of disease risk occurrence.In this study,the adenosine triphosphate(ATP)bioluminescence method was used to detect the bioluminescence values of 50 kinds of molds isolated from the surface of cultural relics.The linear relationship between the total number of colonies obtained by plate counting and ATP bioluminescence value was constructed for seven common molds and their mixture.The difference between the predicted total number of colonies and the actual one under the corresponding linear relationship was analyzed.Also,the ATP bioluminescence method was used to evaluate the inhibition effect of citronellal fumigation on the surface of simulated mold-infected samples.The purpose of this study is to determine the scientific feasibility and applicability of the ATP bioluminescence method in the detection of mold pollution on the surface of cultural relics.The results show that the bioluminescence value(RLU)was detected in 90%of the 50 tested fungi;the maximum one(RLU_(max))was 9999.Under different culture conditions,there was a good linear relationship between the logarithm of total colonies(lg^(CFU/mL))of Penicillium sp.,Aspergillus sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Chaetomium sp.,Cladosporium sp.and their mixed fungi and their corresponding logarithm of bioluminescence values(lg^(RLU));the correlation coefficient was R^(2)>0.9817.Under the corresponding linear relationship,the predicted total number of colonies has no significant difference with the actual plate count(P<0.05),indicating that the method could be accurately used for quantitative detection of mold on the surface of cultural relics.In addition,the bioluminescence data and the total number of colonies of mold on the surface of cultural relics in the citronellal fumigation group and control group showed the same change trend,indicating that the method could be directly used to evaluate the anti-fungal effect.Therefore,the ATP bioluminescence method has high applicability in the detection of molds on the surface of cultural relics.The ATP bioluminescence method has good application value in the analysis of the degree of moldiness of cultural relics and the evaluation of the effect of anti-fungal treatment on moldy cultural relics,and could provide effective technological support for the prevention and control of biological degradation of heritage collection.