新疆“乌-昌-石”区域城市大气环境容量特征分析

Analysis of Urban Atmospheric Environmental Capacity Characteristics in Wu-Chang-Shi Region of Xinjiang

随着城市的发展,大气污染呈现局地密集性特点。针对人群密集、污染严重的“乌-昌-石”区域进行分析,选取2020年“乌-昌-石”区域大气常规污染物月平均数据,通过A值法计算该区域各个城市的大气环境容量。结果显示:(1)“乌-昌-石”区域总体SO_(2)、CO、O_(3)、NO_(2)年排放尚在可容量范围内,PM10、PM2.5均超过该区域可以容纳的量,分别超出961.45 t/a、98.15 t/a。(2)“乌-昌-石”区域颗粒物污染十分严重,全年允许排放容量极少,全年多呈现负值或在0点基线的附近徘徊,整体形状呈“N”型,春、冬超出环境容量,呈现负值,夏秋含有部分容量,与之相反O3污染易发生在炎热、光照强的夏季且环境容量较少,整体形状“U”型。(3)“乌-昌-石”区域城市中,SO_(2)污染较轻,其中乌鲁木齐市和阜康市大气环境容量相对较大;NO_(2)污染较为严重,其中乌鲁木齐在全年中有5个月环境容量超出允许排放的量,在非采暖季尚有部分余量;CO排放量较少,环境容量大,其中石河子市和五家渠市环境容量余量最大。

With the development of cities,air pollution presents the characteristics of local density.The densely populated and heavily polluted Wu-Chang-Shi region was analyzed,in which the monthly average data of conventional atmospheric pollutants in 2020 in the Wu-Chang-Shi region was selected to calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity of each city in Wu-Chang-Shi region by A-value method.The results were showed as follows:(1)The total annual emission of SO_(2),CO,O_(3)and NO_(2)in Wu-Chang-Shi region was still within the capacity range,while PM10 and PM2.5 exceeded the capacity of this region by 961.45 t/a and 98.15 t/a respectively.(2)The particulate matter pollution in Wu-Chang-Shi region was very serious,and the allowable discharge capacity was very small throughout the year,most of which showed negative values or hover around the baseline of 0 point throughout the year,with the overall shape of“N”shape.The excess environmental capacity in spring and winter presented negative values,and part of the capacity was contained in summer and autumn.On the contrary,O3 pollution tended to occur in hot summer with strong light and less environmental capacity,with the overall shape of“U”shape.(3)Among the cities in Wu-Chang-Shi region,the pollution of SO_(2) was light,and the atmospheric environment capacity of Urumqi city and Fukang city was relatively large.NO_(2) pollution was serious,and the environmental capacity exceeded the allowable emission for 5 months in the whole year in Urumqi,while there was still some surplus in the non-heating season.CO emission was small and environmental capacity was large,the environmental capacity margin of Shihezi City and Wujiaqu City was the largest among all cities.