甲骨文字构形理论与系统的建构--一百二十年来甲骨文字构形研究述评

The Development of Oracle Bone Graph Formation Theory and Systemization:A Review of the Research on the Formation of Oracle Bone Graphs in the Past 120 Years

通过系统梳理与分析120年来甲骨学的研究,甲骨文字构形研究可分成三个阶段:摸索阶段、理论的初步建立与规律的揭示阶段、理论的基本确立与规律的全面探索阶段。这三个阶段的发展,是由形体分析和分期分类研究两条线索共同推动的。构形的分析有助于分期分类的细化,而分期分类的重大突破又反过来推进字形分析与文字考释。学者们逐渐将甲骨文字视作相对独立的文字系统,逐步建立甲骨文字形体内部的研究坐标与定点,从而建构甲骨文字自身的构形理论与系统。目前宜对甲骨文字构形研究中一些专题进行“相对封闭式”的微观研究,以推动“精密化”研究进程。

Based on a systematic analysis of oracle bone inscription scholarship of the past 120 years,we can divide the research on the formation of oracle bone graphs into three stages:an exploratory phase;a phase seeing the initial development of theory and emergence of principles;and finally,a phase witnessing the establishment of the theory and the thorough comprehension of principles.The development of these three stages was advanced through the study of graph morphology and periodization.The analysis of graph morphology helps with specifying the periodization,and major breakthroughs in periodization and classification in turn advances the analysis of graph structure and the deciphering of graphs.Scholars have gradually started to approach oracle bone inscript ions as a relatively independent writing system,and have gradually established the research coordinates and reference points within the oracle bone script itself so as to construct an oracle bone script centered script morphological theory and system.At this stage,it is advisable to conduct comparatively“closed”microscopic case studies on some topics in the study of oracle bone inscript ions to advance higher“precision”in the process.