敦煌吐鲁番文书所见“侧书”义证

Semantics of Ce Shu Seen in Unearthed Documents from Dunhuang and Turpan

敦煌吐鲁番文书的两则学郎诗抄中出现“侧书”一词,学界诸家就其义众说纷纭,有“札书”误写说、“册书”同音说、侧姿说、结体说、写胡语说、握卷写说、反左书说等,但都莫衷一是,不足确证。本文从《侧书》诗的字面本义、情感语境及敦煌吐鲁番文书学郎诗抄的整体面貌和唐代寺学教育的特点进行探究,认为“侧书”一词的所指应当是书于学郎抄本的“侧批”。这些常见的“侧书”不仅反映了学郎们普遍具有畏难心理,同时也体现了唐五代敦煌吐鲁番寺学教育中学郎抄经之艰辛。

The word ce shu侧书appears in two poems copied by schoolchildren unearthed in Dunhuang and Turpan.For more than half a century,there have been different opinions on its meaning including the theory that it was a miswritingof zha shu札书,a homonym for ce shu册书,the lateral writing theory,style theory,foreign language theory,theory of holding a scroll while writing,mirror writing theory,but none of these are reliable enough to come to a cond usion.This paper explores this poem from its literal meaning,emotional context,the overall appearance of poems copied by schoolchildren on documents unearthed in Dunhuang and Turpan,and the characteristics of temple education in the Tang Dynasty.The word ce shu侧书should mean comments written on the side of the book for poems copied by schoolchildren.These commonly occuring ce shu not only reflect the general fear of difficulties of schoolchildren,but also indirectly reflect the hardships of Dunhuang and Turpan temple education scripture copying during the Tang and Five Dynasties.