急先锋与坚守者:20世纪《春秋》学转型的特征

Pioneer and Adherent:Characteristics of the Transformationof Chunqiu Studies in the 20th Century

20世纪前期,《春秋》学的转型在颠覆性的经学转型中独具特色,具有二律背反性。一方面,无论是古史辨派的批判,还是古文经学者的改造,《春秋》学都是经学转型中的急先锋。另一方面,一些学者在学术上对传统《春秋》学内容与方法的坚持,社会各界因抗日战争之需对《春秋》大义的发挥,又让《春秋》学成为经学转型中的坚守者。《春秋》学自身的特点(争议性、史学性、政治性、独特大义)与20世纪时局的特殊性(变化具有颠覆性且过程复杂、民族危机空前)是造成这一特征的主要原因。揭示这点能深化对20世纪《春秋》学与经学的研究,对当今机遇与挑战并存的《春秋》学与经学研究也具有一定的启发意义。

In the early 20th century,the transformation of Chunqiu studies is unique in the subversive transformation of traditional Confucian classics studies,which is characterized by dichotomy.On the one hand,Chunqiu studies was the pioneer in the transformation of Confucian classics,either from the perspective of the dialectical school of ancient history,or from the perspective of transformation of ancient classics scholars.On the other hand,Chunqiu studies was also the adherents in the transformation of Confucian classics because of the scholars’academic adherence to the contents and methods of traditional Chunqiu studies,and the community’s play on the great meaning of Chunqiu due to the needs of the war against Japan.The characteristics of Chunqiu studies itself(i.e.,controversial,pioneering,historical)and the uniqueness of the current situation in the 20th century(i.e.,subversive complex changes and unprecedented national crisis)are the main reasons for this transformation feature.Revealing the characteristics of such a transformation can deepen the studies of Chunqiu and Confucian classics in the 20th century.It is also instructive for current studies of Chunqiu and Confucian classics,where opportunities and challenges coexist.