元代《诗经》学与元人诗歌“性情”论

The Study of The Book of Songs and the Theory of Poetic Temperament in Yuan Dynasty

元人对《诗经》审美与政教两种特质的看法,正对应其不同的诗歌“性情”论。一方面,元人以《诗经》发乎自然的审美特质为榜样,强调“性情之真”,认为诗歌应发乎淳正之真情,不求于工而自工。另一方面,元人以《诗经》止乎礼义的政教功用为楷模,强调“性情之正”,认为诗歌应有补于世,辞义并重,注重在抒情与教化之中寻找平衡。基于这两种“性情”论,元人主张以学问涵养性情,并认为元诗诞于盛世,可追《诗经》。元人关于《诗经》与诗歌“性情”的讨论,对古代诗学理论的发展起到了重要的导向作用。

The views of Yuan Dynasty people on the aesthetic and political education characteristics of The Book of Songs corresponding to their different theories of poetic temperament.On the one hand,people set an example of the natural aesthetic characteristics of The Book of Songs,emphasize the truth of temperament.They believe that poetry should be inspired by true feelings,not with an obvious striving.On the other hand,people set an example for the political and educational functions of The Book of Songs,which were limited to ritual and righteousness,emphasize the upright of temperament.They believe that poetry should be useful to society,equal emphasis on words and meanings,and focus on finding a balance between lyricism and indoctrination.Based on these two theories of temperament,people advocated the cultivation of character through learning,and believed that the poetry of the Yuan dynasty originated in a prosperous era,can be equated with The Book of Songs.he discussion among the people of the Yuan dynasty on The book of Songs and the theory of poetic temperament played an important guiding role in the development of ancient poetic theory.