政策网络理论视角下中小学减负政策的变迁逻辑与未来展望

The Change Logic and Future Prospect of China′s Burden Reduction Policy Based on the Perspective of Policy Network Theory

自1955年新中国首个“减负令”颁布到2021年“双减”政策出台,我国政府探索治理中小学生学业负担过重问题走过了六十余年的政策历程,历经“以关注身体健康为导向”“以纠正片面追求升学率为导向”“以推进素质教育为导向”以及“以深化综合改革为导向”四个阶段。运用政策网络理论分析框架重新审视新中国成立以来减负政策的变迁逻辑,可以发现政策参与主体由一元发展为多元,信息传递路径由封闭转向开放,政策工具选择从单一发展为灵活多样,治理模式从单一、碎片化治理走向整体化治理。展望未来,政府应增强信任机制、完善学习机制、深化协同机制,围绕学生学业负担问题,构建多维度合作的整体性公共服务模式。

From the issuance of the first"burden reduction order"in New China in 1955 to the introduction of the"double reduction"policy in 2021,the Chinese government policy has gone through a course of more than 60 years to explore and deal with the problem of excessive academic burden on primary and secondary school students.It has undergone four stages of paying attention to students′physical health,correcting the orientation to enter a higher school,promoting quality education and deepening comprehensive reform by the value direction.Using the analytical framework of policy network theory to re-examine the changing logic of the burden reduction policy since the founding of the People′s Republic of China,it can be found that the policy participants have developed from the unitary to the diversified,that the information transmission path has changed from the closed to the open,that the choice of policy tools has changed from the single to the flexible and diverse,and that the governance model has changed from the single and fragmented to the holistic.Looking forward to the future,the government should strengthen the trust mechanism,improve the learning mechanism,deepen the collaborative mechanism and construct a multi-dimensional collaborative and holistic public service model around the issue of students′academic burden reduction.