遥感技术在苹果园精准种植管理中的应用现状及展望

Application status and prospect of remote sensing technology in precise planting management of apple orchards

在果园种植管理向精准化和数字化发展的趋势下,苹果栽培对果园种植管理支撑技术提出了更高的要求。近些年,遥感技术的空间分辨率和重访频率不断突破,已经成为苹果园精准种植管理的主要支撑技术,然而目前鲜有综述文章进行这方面的现状梳理和展望,因此对这类研究进行总结很有必要。通过分析遥感技术在苹果园精准种植管理中的主要应用情况,将遥感技术的应用领域归纳为果园基础信息调查、果林参数反演和果园种植管理支撑3大类,并综述遥感技术在各领域中的应用方法、效果,探讨应用潜力。最后,总结出当前研究和应用存在机理性研究少且部分应用领域研究不足、多技术集成化程度不高、缺乏大范围的示范应用3类问题,并指出苹果树生长模拟机理模型、一体化苹果种植管理支撑系统、基于卫星数据的单木监测、遥感监测产品多元服务4个研究主题将成为下一步的研究和应用热点。

With the trend towards the precise and digital planting management of orchards,apple cultivation relies more heavily on the planting management supporting technologies of orchards.In recent years,continuous breakthroughs made in spatial resolution and revisiting frequency have made remote sensing technology a major supporting technology for the precise planting management of apple orchards.However,there is an absence of reviews of the application status and prospect of this technology in the planting management of orchards.Based on the analysis of primary applications of remote sensing technology in the precise planting management of apple orchards,this study classified the applications into three major categories,namely the surveys of basic orchard information,inversions of orchard parameters,and the planting management support of orchards.Furthermore,this study reviewed the methods and performance of the applications of remote sensing technology in various fields and explored the application potential.Finally,it identified three types of problems with current research and application of remote sensing technology,namely insufficient studies on mechanisms and in some application fields,low-degree integration of multiple technologies,and the lack of large-scale application models.In addition,this study proposed four hot research and application topics in the future,namely models used to simulate the growth mechanisms of apple trees,the integrated support system for the planting management of apple trees,the single-tree monitoring based on satellite data,and the diversified services of remote sensing-based monitoring products.