遥感估算河道流量研究进展

River discharge estimation based on remote sensing

鉴于全球径流数据的可获得性逐年下降,替代水文站点实测河道流量的反演算法正变得越来越重要。当前卫星遥感技术不断发展,估算河道流量的方法亦逐渐丰富,为此,该文对遥感技术反演河道流量的方法进行系统总结,并归纳了与河道流量估算密切相关的水力遥感要素反演方法及其进展情况。首先,梳理基于水文模型和基于经验回归方程2类算法的方法原理和应用现状;然后,总结不同方法的适用条件和存在不足;最后,展望未来通过卫星遥感技术反演世界范围内河道流量的发展趋势:①积极开发先进卫星遥感数据同化技术;②集成新的传感器产品;③优化与创新算法。

Since the availability of global runoff data decrease year by year,the inversion algorithms,as substitutes for the river discharge measured at hydrological stations,have become increasingly important.With the continuous development of satellite remote sensing technology,the methods for estimating river discharge have increased in number.This study systematically summarized the remote sensing-based inversion methods for river discharge,as well as the inversion methods for hydraulic remote sensing elements that are closely related to the estimation of river discharge and the progress made in them.Moreover,this study reviewed the methods,principles,and application status of two types of algorithms based on hydrological models and empirical regression equations and summarized the applicable conditions and shortcomings of different methods.Finally,this study predicted the worldwide development trends of the river discharge inversion based on the satellite remote sensing technology,including①actively developing the advanced data assimilation technology for satellite remote sensing data;②integrating new sensor products;③optimizing and innovating algorithms.