全国部分地区中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质滥用流行病学调查

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CENTRAL STIMULANTS AND OTHER RELATED PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE ABUSE

目的 :调查全国部分地区中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质滥用的基本情况、特点和危害。方法 :自拟调查表对上海等存在相关问题的 10个省、区、市的 15个地区 2 0 0 1年 3月 - 2 0 0 2年 1月发现或收治的所有确认为中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质滥用人员进行调查。结果 :本调查群体的平均年龄 2 8.2a±s 6 .3a(最小年龄 14a,最大年龄 5 2a) ,其中 2 0a以下占 10 .4 %。滥用者涉及各行业的各类群体 ,但以无业者 (38.5 % )和私营 个体劳动者 (18.2 % )为主。滥用场所以歌舞厅 迪厅 (6 6 .5 % )为主 ,但有约 1 3的滥用者主要滥用场所是在家中。另外滇南地区的滥用者主要在“田间小屋”、“赌场”滥用。毒品滥用的种类除苯丙胺类中枢兴奋剂“摇头丸”和冰毒外 ,还涉及可卡因、氯胺酮、大麻等其它种类的“舞会药”。以ATS为主的中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质精神依赖性强。滥用者的身体已受到不同程度的损害。结论 :全国部分地区以ATS为主的中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质滥用情况严重 ,造成的后果是多方面的。目前我国面临着继海洛因之后以ATS为主的中枢兴奋剂及相关非法精神活性物质流行的威胁。

Objective : To understand the basic situation, characteristics and consequences of central stimulants and other related psychoactive substance abuse. Methods : A multi-center survey was carried out on central stimulants and other related psychoactive substance abusers with a self-designed questionnaire in 15 regions of 10 provinces from March 2001 to Jan. 2002. Results : The average age of the subjects was 28.2 a± s 6.3 a, and 10.4% of them were under 20. Most of the subjects were unemployed(38.5%) and self-employed(18.2%). Entertainment halls (66.5%) were the most popular places to be chosen for drug use, however, 1/3 abusers used drugs at home. Abusers from the south of Yunnan province used drugs on the farmland and in gambling places. The abused drugs were not only MDMA and MA but also other varieties of club drugs such as cocaine, ketamine, and cannabis. ATS and related club drugs had strong psychic dependence-producing potential. Harm was clearly done to the health of drug abusers. Conclusion : The situation of ATS and related club drug abuse is serious in some regions and the consequences it caused are severe and of muti-dimension, which indicates our country will face ATS and related drug abuse problem following opioid abuse problem.