美日中小学食品供应制度的比较研究

Comparative Study on the Food Supply System of Primary and Secondary School in the United State and Japan

近年来世界范围内中小学食品安全问题频发,美国与日本的食品供应体系发展较早,有建设成效,具有研究价值。美国注重中小学食品供应治理建设,在全国范围内推行法律,明确项目运行机制和资金来源,注重食品营养和分配公平,设立完善监督反馈机制,通过立法、行政等权力推进针对不同群体的项目;日本则更加关注食品安全、食材来源和食品教育,通过完善地产地销、食育制度与推动食品供应操作规范的进一步发展,促进食品安全供应与国民认同。通过对美日中小学食品供应制度共性与个性的评介,进行公法学学理与制度分析,探求中小学食品供应制度发展与设计的内在逻辑,为保障青少年健康权、推进全民营养安全提供理论支持。

In recent years,food safety problems in primary and secondary schools have taken place frequently and globally.As countries with early development and significant achievements in food supply systems,the United States and Japan are highly worth researching.The US focuses on the legal construction of food supply systems in primary and secondary schools,through promoting laws nationwide and clarifying program operation and funding.US authority also pays much attention to food nutrition and distribution equity,the establishment of monitoring mechanism,and promotion programs for different groups with legislative and administrative forces.In Japan,the focus of authority is more on food safety,food source,and food education by promoting local production,marketing and further food supply practices.This paper aims to discuss internal logic based on the commonality and individuality of the food supply systems in primary and secondary schools in US and Japan,and eventually provide theoretical support for the protection of right to health of adolescence and the promotion of national nutrition security.