甲壳素绿色提取技术的研究进展

Research progress of green extraction technology of chitin

甲壳素是自然界中含量第二大的天然高分子多糖,作为一种来源广泛的生物质材料,其具备独特的理化性质,因而其应用方面的研究一直备受关注。受限于传统提取方法的缺陷及甲壳素本身难以利用等问题,目前甲壳素的大规模商业化应用仍处于发展的瓶颈阶段,以至于造成大量甲壳素生物质资源遭到废弃,因此寻找到一种绿色提取方法是当前甲壳素研究的一个重要方向。该文以最新的甲壳素提取方法为对象,从物理法、化学法和生物法等方面多角度阐述甲壳素提取研究现状,重点归纳总结甲壳素化学法和生物法提取工艺的优缺点及发展现状,展望基因工程等现代生物技术在甲壳素提取方面的应用,以期为后续甲壳素绿色提取工艺的改良升级提供借鉴参考与实践依据。

Chitin,as a biomass material with a wide range of sources,is the second highest content natural polymer polysaccharide in nature.The application research of chitin has been attracting attention due to its unique physicochemical properties.However,the large-scale commercial application of chitin is still in the bottleneck stage of development due to the defects of traditional extraction methods and the difficulties of using chitin itself,causing a large number of chitin biomass have been abandoned.Thus,finding an eco-friendly method for chitin extraction is the important direction of current research.This review focused on the latest extraction methods of chitin as an object,elaborated on the research status of chitin extraction from the aspects of physical,chemical,and biological methods,and emphasized the advantages and disadvantages and development status of the chitin extraction process by chemical and biological methods.In addition,this review looked forward to the application of genetic engineering and other modern biotechnology in chitin extraction to provide a reference and practical basis for the subsequent improvement and upgrading of the green extraction process of chitin.