基于用水总量控制的湖泊水量分配方法研究

Study on lake water allocation method based on total water consumption control

水量分配是实现水资源集约节约利用和湖泊生态保护的关键一环,现有江河流域水量分配技术方法注重在宏观层面上对区域取用水权益进行分配,对分配的取用水权益尚未明确到具体的供水水源,针对具体湖泊水量分配的适用性较差。以水源—用户供需结构和湖泊调蓄特性为对象,提出基于生态保护的湖泊水资源可利用量和区域用水总量双控的湖泊水量分配方法,将分配水量分为基础可分配水量和增量可分配水量,分别按照公平原则和用水总量控制要求分解到各行政区。根据供水系统的复杂程度,探讨了单一湖泊和多湖泊供水系统两种模式下的分配方法。方法应用于南四湖双湖供水系统,结果表明:上级湖多年平均可分配水量5.64亿m^(3),其中增量可分配水量0.42亿m^(3);下级湖多年平均可分配水量6.28亿m^(3),其中增量可分配水量0.34亿m^(3)。研究成果可为具体河湖开展水量分配提供参考借鉴。

Water allocation is a key part of achieving intensive use of water resources and ecological protection of lakes.The existing water allocation technology method in river basins focus on the macro distribution of regional water withdrawal rights,and the allocated water withdrawal rights have not yet been definited to specific water supply sources,having poor applicability for lakes.In this paper,based on the structure of water source-user and the characteristics of lake,a lake water allocation method based on regional total water consumption control is proposed,while taking the lake water availability as the upper limit of the allotable water.It divides the amount of water that can be allocated for the lake into basic allotable water and incremental allotable water,decomposing into administrative regions in accordance with the principle of equity and the requirements of total water consumption control.According to the complexity of the water supply system,the distribution method of single lake and multi-lake water supply system are discussed.The method was applied to the water supply system in the Nansi Lake area,and the result showed that the average allocable water of the upper lake was 564 million m^(3),of which the incremental allocable water was 42 million m^(3);while the average allocable water of the lower lake was 628 million m^(3),of which the incremental allocable water was 34 million m^(3).The method can provide reference for the water allocation in specific rivers and lakes.