国际体育素养体系的多维比较与发展趋势分析

Comparison and Development Trend Analysis of International Physical Literacy

体育素养对于提高人类生活质量具有重要意义,为了了解国际研究发展趋势,对美国、加拿大、威尔士、澳大利亚、新西兰和国际体育素养协会6个国家、地区或组织的体育素养体系进行比较分析。在体育素养研究的背景方面:共性表现为人口健康问题突出、运动参与需求强烈;差异表现为原有健康促进模型适用性不足和学校体育教育的定位偏误。概念体系方面:共性表现为体育素养强调“身心一元”的立场、重视“具身认知”的地位、涵盖“全面发展”的要素;差异表现为灵活应用“定义性声明”。结构领域方面:具有形成了“结构领域+内涵”两级呈现方式、重视“身体、情感、认知”同等地位的共性;具有强调积极“运动体验”的差异。发展阶段划分方面:共性表现为强调过往经验影响,划分了渐进的发展阶段;差异表现在与经典运动模型的融合。测评方面:具有测评主体协同发展、内容有机互补的共性;表现出测评方法多元共生、通过自我测评实现有效激励的差异。培养方面:共性表现为重视多元主体的协同治理、明确运动参与的关键作用;差异表现为关注特殊人群的健康发展。未来体育素养研究将关注“全生命周期”,提升人类健康水平;重视“纵横联结”,构建科学框架体系;强调“整体测评”,复现真实运动情境;突出“全纳培养”,面向全体人群发展。

Physical literacy plays a vital role in improving the quality of human life.In order to know the international research trends,this paper compares and analyzes the physical literacy systems of six countries,regions or organizations-the United States,Canada,Wales,Australia,New Zealand and the International Physical Literacy Association.In terms of the development context,the commonalities are outstanding population health problems and strong demand for sports participation;the differences manifested in the lack of applicability of the original health promotion model and the bias of school physical education.In terms of the definition,the commonalities are physical literacy emphasizes the“monism”stance and the status of“embodied cognition”,covering the elements of“holistic development”;the difference manifested in the flexible application of“definitional statements”.In terms of structural domains,there are the commonalities of adopting a“structural domains+connotations”approach to presentation,with equal emphasis on“physical,emotion and cognition”;and also a difference in the emphasis on positive“movement experiences”.In terms of development stage division,the commonality is emphasis on past experience and delineation of progressive stages of development;the difference manifested in the integration with classical motion model.In terms of assessment,the commonalities are focus on a synergy of subjects and an organic complementary of diverse contents;and there are also differences in the multiple symbiotic approaches and effective motivation through self-assessment.In terms of cultivation,the commonalities are focus on collaborative governance of multiple subjects and clarifying the key role of movement participation;the difference manifested in focusing on the healthy development of special populations.In the future,physical literacy research will focus on the“whole life cycle”to improve human health;emphasise“vertical and horizontal linkages”to build a scientific framework system;emphasise“holistic assessment”to reproduce real exercise circumstance;and highlight“inclusive cultivation”for the development of the whole population.