接菌剂对水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜混合堆肥进程及细菌多样性的影响

Effects of Inoculants on the Composting Process and Bacterial Diversity of Rice Straw and Cabbage Tail

接种秸秆分解菌剂强化秸秆降解效果是生产上普遍采用的人工强化措施,水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜是两种特征不同的农业有机固体废弃物,将二者混合堆肥发酵会通过营养互补提高处理效果。以收获后风干水稻秸秆和白菜尾菜为混合原料(二者质量比7∶3)进行堆肥试验,研究接种秸秆分解菌剂(接种量5%,体积比)对堆肥过程的影响,通过高通量测序技术分析堆肥化过程中细菌多样性动态变化。结果表明,添加秸秆分解菌剂处理(T1)与不接菌对照(CK)相比,堆体的高温期长6 d,发芽指数(GI)提升9.0%。堆肥结束时,物料的全氮、全钾含量显著提升至1.39%和2.15%(P<0.05)。TI高温期与降温期丰富度大于10%的优势细菌属分别为纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)、Demequina。CK高温期丰富度大于10%的优势细菌属为假黄单胞杆菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、螯合球菌属(Chelatococcus),降温期丰富度最高的优势细菌属为高温双岐菌属(Thermobifida)。添加秸秆分解菌剂能够提升物料养分含量,促进物料腐熟,并且提高堆肥高温期、降温期细菌多样性和丰富度。

It is a common artificial strengthening measure to inoculate straw decomposition bacteria to enhance straw degradation.Rice straw and cabbage tail are two kinds of agricultural organic solid wastes with different characteristics.The composting and fermentation of them can improve the treatment effect through nutrient complementation.Air-dried rice straw and cabbage tail were used as mixed raw materials after harvest(mass ratio of them 7∶3)for composting experiment,to study the effects of straw decomposition agent(inoculation amount 5%,volume ratio)on composting process,and to analyze the dynamic changes of bacterial diversity during composting process by high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed that compared with the control(CK),the high temperature period of the heap was 6 days longer and the germination index(GI)increased by 9.0%in the treatment of straw decomposing agent(T1).At the end of composting,the total nitrogen and total potassium contents of the material increased significantly to 1.39%and 2.15%(P<0.05).The dominant bacteria with richness greater than 10%in high temperature period and cooling period treated by T1 were Fibrobacter and Demequina respectively.The dominant bacteria with a richness of more than 10%in the high-temperature period treated with CK were Pseudoxanthomonas and Chelatococcus,and the dominant bacteria with the highest richness in the cooling period was Thermobifida.The addition of straw decomposing bacteria could improve the nutrient content of materials,promote the decomposition of materials,and improve the bacterial diversity and richness of composting in high-temperature period and cooling period.