社会治理中的专家参与:角色定位与挑战分析

Participation of Experts in Social Governance:Positioning of Roles and Analysis of Challenges

专家参与是实现社会治理多元共治的重要一环,直接影响着社会治理的科学化与民主化水平,是当前社会治理领域不可忽视的重要议题。基于对“知识—权力—社会”结构的进一步拓展,从“知识—认知”“价值—利益”“交往—行动”三个维度共同勾勒出专家参与社会治理的基本面貌,据此界定了三组专家角色及其职能规范,从而廓清了专家的治理主体地位。同时,围绕专家的可靠性挑战、可信性挑战以及民主性挑战的分析表明,实现科学性与民主性、工具性与价值性、专家性与人民性的协调统一是专家参与社会治理的应有之义,这为打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局提供了有益思路。

Participation of experts is an important part of realizing pluralism and co-governance of so⁃cial governance,which directly affects the scientific and democratic level of social governance,and is an important issue that cannot be ignored in the field of social governance.Based on the further expansion of the structure of“knowledge-power-society”,the paper outlines the basic features of ex⁃perts’participation in social governance from three dimensions:“knowledge-cognition”,“value-inter⁃ests”,“communication-action”,and defines three sets of the experts’roles and their norms of duty,thus making clear the dominant position of experts in governance.At the same time,the analysis of the challenges of reliability,credibility and democracy of experts shows that the coordination and uni⁃fication of science and democracy,instrumentality and value,expertness and the people’s position is an intrinsic meaning of experts’participation in social governance,which provides useful ideas for building a social governance pattern of co-construction,co-governance and sharing.