怀集县近60年气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

Climate Change in Huaiji over the Past 60 Years and the Effect on the Ecological Environment

采用怀集国家基本气象站1961—2020年的气温、降水资料,利用诊断分析方法,分析近60年怀集气温、降水变化特征。结果表明:1961—2020年怀集县年平均气温呈升高趋势,平均每10年升高约0.13℃;四季的平均气温平均每10年升高0.07℃(夏季)~0.2℃(冬季),尤其冬季增温最为明显。年平均气温发生3次突变,其中1997和2015年突变后气温显著升高;2007年突变后气温显著降低。年降水量主要集中在3—9月,达1 458.2 mm,占年降水量(1 752.0 mm)的83.23%。年降水量呈减少的趋势,但不显著,也无显著突变。气温呈升高、降水呈减少的趋势,使得土壤湿度降低,江河湖泊面积退缩,林地生产力下降,植被退化;森林在保护生物多样性、保持水土和净化空气等方面的生态功能也相对减弱。

To learn more about the climate change in Huaiji and assess its effect on the county to offer scientific basis for agricultural production and animal husbandry,reasonable development and exploitation of water resources and protection and construction of ecological environment,this work performs a diagnostic a-nalysis of the variation characteristics of air temperature and precipitation over the period from 1961 to 2020 using related data from a national meteorological observation station in Huaiji.The results are shown as fol-lows.For the years studied,annual mean air temperatures tend to increase by a rate of about 0.13℃every ten years.Seasonal mean temperatures rise by 0.07℃/ten years in summer and 0.2℃/ten years in win-ter,which is the most significant of all seasons.Annual mean temperatures experienced three abrupt chan-ges,rising significantly in 1997 and 2005 but falling remarkably in 2007.On the annual scale,1458.2 mm of precipitation occurs from March to September,amounting to 83.23%of the annual total(1752.0 mm).The annual amount of precipitation tends to decrease insignificantly and without any major abrupt changes.As air temperature rises and precipitation drops,the soil gets more humid,rivers and lakes shrinks,wood-land produces less and vegetation degenerates.Forests also become weaker in their ecological roles of protec-ting biodiversity,preserving the soil and water and purifying the air.