折价补偿的法律性质

The Legal Nature of Compensation accordingto Value

学界少有以折价补偿为主题的研究成果,仅在研究民事法律行为无效的后果或研究不当得利、恢复原状时把折价补偿解释为不当得利和恢复原状,但这种理解与《民法典》的规定有较大差异。为了厘清折价补偿的法律属性,在梳理学界对折价补偿法律属性研究成果的基础上,文章采用法教义学的方法,对折价补偿的法律属性进行了研究。研究发现,不当得利理论和恢复原状理论无法解释折价补偿,折价补偿制度是返还财产制度二级科目返还价值制度里与适当补偿、合理补偿、返还价差制度并列的一个返还制度。折价补偿的特征是原财产在本项交易发生时价值的等额返还,不考虑过错。因此,文章提出要从民事法律行为无效后果的规则体系理解折价补偿制度,否则过错因素会干扰对折价补偿的理解。

There are few academic research results on the subject of compensation according to value.Only in the study of the consequences of void contract,compensation according to value is considered as unjust enrichment and restoration of the original.However,this understanding is quite different from the provisions of the Civil Code.In order to clarify the legal nature of the compensation according to value,on the basis of carding the academic research achievements on the legal attributes of the compensation according to value,this paper studies the legal attribute of the compensation according to value by the method of legal dogmatics.It is found that the theory of unjust enrichment and the theory of restitution can not explain the the compensation according to value.The compensation according to value is a system juxtaposed with the system of proper compensation,reasonable compensation and compensation difference in the system of return property.The characteristic of the compensation according to value is the equal return of the original property at the time of the transaction,regardless of fault.It is necessary to understand the system of compensation according to value from the rule system of invalid consequence of civil legal act,otherwise fault factors will interfere with the understanding of compensation according to value.