长江流域生态环境修复的空间维度与法治进路——基于空间生产理论的反思与重构

Spatial dimension and legal approach of ecological and environmental restoration in the Yangtze River Basin:reflection and reconstruction based on space production theory

长江流域生态环境修复经历了从重视发展到重视保护、从工程修复到整体修复的模式转变,但囿于行政分区分级对流域空间的束缚,尚未从根本上摆脱线性思维的制约,也未能基于空间主义形成流域生态环境修复的空间逻辑。在实践演进中,长江流域生态环境修复凸显了纵向空间的行政性削弱、横向空间的从属性制约和要素空间的单一性掣肘,也在规范实践层面暴露出回应流域空间与生态空间耦合的精细化规范不足、针对流域空间与区域空间差异的回应性规范缺失、因应流域空间与城乡空间重叠的差序化规范匮乏等问题。《长江保护法》关于生态环境修复专章规定所建构的治理理念、体制机制与制度框架一定程度上蕴含了浅层空间逻辑范式,但其所隐含的空间逻辑更偏向于实质的物理空间规范,亟须在空间关系与空间理论的再审视中重构空间主义。亨利·列斐伏尔以三元空间辩证法为核心创设的空间生产理论引致了社会理论的空间化转向,为反思长江流域生态环境修复的权力运行、权益配置、组织机制及其空间结构提供了新的法理方向与方法论基础。基于此,长江流域生态环境修复应当以空间生产理论为逻辑出发点,重塑长江流域生态环境修复的空间结构并在能动与实践中推进其空间化法治转型,实现长江流域生态环境修复理念的空间转向、主体权责的空间衡平、规范协同的空间构筑以及评价制度的空间建构。

The ecological and environmental restoration of the Yangtze River Basin has experienced a pattern change from attaching importance to development to protection,and from engineering restoration to overall restoration.However,the constraints imposed by administrative division and classification on basin space have not fundamentally gotten rid of the restriction of linear thinking in the restoration,nor have they helped to form a spatial logic of basin ecological and environmental restoration based on spatialism.In the process of practice evolution,the ecological and environmental restoration in the Yangtze River Basin highlights the administrative weakening of vertical space,the subordinate restriction of horizontal space,and the single limitation of element space.At the regulation level,some problems are brought to light,such as the lack of detailed regulations to respond to the coupling between watershed space and ecological space,the lack of responsive regulations to the differences between watershed space and regional space,and the lack of hierarchical regulations to deal with the overlap between watershed space and urban and rural space.To some extent,the governance concept,institutional mechanism,and system framework constructed by the‘Ecological and Environmental Restoration’chapter of the Yangtze River Protection Law contain the shallow spatial logic paradigm,but the implied spatial logic is more inclined to physical spatial regulations,so it is urgent to reconstruct spatialism in the re-examination of the spatial relationship and spatial theory.The space production theory put forward by Henri Lefebvre with ternary spatial dialectics as the core leads to the spatial turn of social theory and provides a new legal theoretical direction and methodological basis for rethinking the power operation,allocation of power and interests,organizational mechanism,and spatial structure of ecological and environmental restoration in the Yangtze River Basin.Based on the above,the ecological and environmental restoration in the Yangtze River Basin should take space production theory as the logical starting point,reshape the spatial structure,and promote the spatial legal transformation,so as to realize the spatial turn of the restoration concept,the spatial balance of the main body’s rights and responsibilities,the spatial organization of standardization and coordination,and the spatial construction of the evaluation system of the ecological and environmental restoration in the Yangtze River Basin.