生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Combined with Subsoiling on Farmland Soil Fertility and Crop Yield

为研究生物有机肥配合深松对农田土壤肥力和作物产量的影响,采用田间裂区设计,冬小麦季设置生物有机肥替代化肥氮0%(M0)、10%(M1)、20%(M2)3个主区,夏玉米季设置传统耕作(P)和深松耕作(S)2个副区,分析不同处理下土壤理化性状、微生物量与作物产量等。2年的试验结果表明,与传统(M0P)相比,生物有机肥替代化肥氮10%、20%配合深松的土壤容重分别降低8.03%和6.57%,水稳性大团聚体含量提高46.12%和28.01%;pH由8.17降到7.94和8.00;土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量随生物有机肥替代量的增加而增加,深松耕作对土壤养分提升效果不显著;土壤微生物量碳、氮量在小麦季分别增加15.77%和17.28%,夏玉米季分别提高66.49%和55.30%;作物总产量分别达到39256和36618 kg·hm^(-2),较对照处理分别增加13.20%和10.46%。综上所述,冬小麦季采用生物有机肥替代化肥氮10%~20%配合夏玉米季深松播种,能改善土壤理化性状,增加微生物量,提高作物产量,可作为改良华北平原农田土壤肥力提升的有效措施。

To study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer with deep loosening on soil fertility and crop yield,a field splitzone design was used,with three main zones of 0%(M0),10%(M1)and 20%(M2)of bio-organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer N in winter wheat season,and two sub-zones of conventional tillage(P)and deep loosening tillage(S)in summer corn season,the soil physical and chemical properties,microbial load and crop yield were analyzed under different treatments.The results of the 2 years experiment showed that compared with conventional(M0P),the soil capacity of bio-organic fertilizer replacing 10%and 20%of chemical fertilizer N with deep tillage decreased by 8.03%and 6.57%,respectively,and the content of water-stable macromolecules increased by 46.12%and 28.01%;pH decreased from 8.17 to 7.94 and 8.00.The soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,effective phosphorus and fast-acting potassium contents increased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer replacement,and the effect of deep tillage on soil nutrient enhancement was not significant.Soil microbial carbon and nitrogen increased by 15.77%and 17.28%in wheat season and 66.49%and 55.30%in summer maize season,respectively;total crop yield reached 39256 and 36618 kg·hm^(-2),increasing by 13.20%and 10.46%compared with the control treatment,respectively.In conclusion,the use of bio-organic fertilizer to replace 10%~20%of chemical fertilizer N in the winter wheat season in combination with the deep pine sowing in the summer maize season could improve the soil physicochemical properties,increase the microbial load and improve the crop yield,which could be used as an effective measure to improve the soil fertility enhancement of farmland in the North China Plain.