新西兰职业教育改革及启示

New Zealand Vocational Education Reform and Its Enlightenment

在劳动力市场变化和职业教育体系面临危机等多重因素的影响下,新西兰由国家主导开启了近30年来最大规模的职业教育改革。改革的主要内容体现在合并全国16所公立职业技术学校,整合教育和培训资源;成立劳动力发展委员会,提升行业领导力;设立地区技能领导小组,重视地区需求;建立职业卓越中心,注重研究创新;关注少数族裔,推动社会公平;统一资助体系,增强财政保障。中国和新西兰两国虽然国情不同,但在培养技能人才、解决发展需求方面目标一致。因此,探讨新西兰职业教育特色并从中汲取好的理念和做法,对我国职业教育改革发展、完善现代职业教育制度、加快构建中国特色职业教育体系具有一定的启示意义。

New Zealand Government initiated the largest vocational education reform in the past 30 years,due to multiple factors such as the changes in the labor market and a coming crisis in the vocational education system.The reforms is reflected in the merger of 16 public vocational and technical schools across the country.The reforms include integrating education and training resources,creating a workforce development committee to promote industry leadership,focusing on regional needs and setting up regional skills leadership groups,emphasising on research and establishing career centers of excellence,focusing on ethnic minorities to promote social equity,and unifying funding systems to enhance financial security.Although China and New Zealand have different national conditions,both sides share the same goals in training skilled personnel to satisfy social development needs.Therefore,analyzing the characteristics of New Zealand vocational education,drawing good ideas and practices from it will be of certain enlightenment significance for the reform and development of China's vocational education,improve the modern vocational education system and accelerate the construction of vocational education system with Chinese characteristics.