压缩空气弹射系统实验与仿真

Experimental and simulation study of a compressed air ejection system

弹射起飞能够有效降低无人机起飞阶段的能量消耗,增加有效载荷,提升巡航里程。本研究以固定翼无人机压缩空气弹射系统为研究对象,开展实验与仿真研究。基于MATLAB总体热力学设计,本工作成功研制了压缩空气弹射器样机,开展了详细的实验测试;并进一步建立动态仿真模型,把握其气动作用过程。本研究获得了无人机弹射过程中的压力变化及速度、加速度以及位移等运动参数随时间的变化曲线,详细分析了弹射过程中压缩空气的流动规律及其对活塞的作用过程,并分析了不同工作压力对弹射器性能的影响。本研究详细分析了弹射器的具体工作过程与弹射性能,实验测试结果表明:最终搭建的弹射器样机可实现50 kg无人机以25.11 m/s的速度弹射起飞;并通过仿真研究获得了其气动作用机理。

Catapult launching can effectively reduce the energy consumption of UAVs in the take-off stage,increase the payload,and improve cruising mileage.This study investigated the compressed air ejection system for fixed-wing UAVs through experiment and simulation.Based on the overall thermodynamic design of MATLAB,the compressed air catapult prototype was established successfully,and detailed experimental tests were conducted to evaluate its performance.A dynamic simulation model was further established to grasp its aerodynamic action process.The variation curves of pressure and motion parameters such as velocity,acceleration,and displacement in the launching process of UAVs were obtained.The different parameters,like the effects of different working pressures on the performance of the catapult launch prototype,concrete working process,ejection performance of the catapult launch prototype,and the flow characteristics of compressed air and its effect on the piston were analyzed in detail.The experimental test results show that the catapult prototype can realize the catapult take-off of the 50 kg UAVs at a speed of 25.11 m/s.Similarly,its aerodynamic mechanism is obtained through simulation research.