上海市大场地区居家老年人长护险申请情况与照护需求影响因素分析

Analysis of influence factors of the application and care demand of long-term care insurance for the home-dwelling elderly people in Dachang area,Shanghai

目的:对上海市宝山区大场镇申请长期护理保险老年人的一般资料、患病与就诊情况、生活自理能力、长期护理保险申请情况与照护需求等开展问卷调查。方法:于2021年5月—2022年2月选取上海市宝山区大场镇申请长期护理保险的391名居家老年人作为调查对象进行问卷调查,本次调查共发放问卷391份,回收有效问卷391份,问卷有效回收率100.0%。结果:391名居家老年人的生活自理能力平均得分为(59.69±18.46)分,属于中度依赖水平,平均患有(2.59±0.88)种慢性疾病,每日平均服药种类为(5.35±2.20)种,近3个月内平均就诊次数为(10.74±5.29)。初次申请长期护理保险的居家老年人占比较高(44.5%),评估等级以轻度为主(45.0%),对长期护理保险的照护需求以疾病照护为主(66.0%)。以疾病照护联合家务辅助需求为对照,分析结果显示,月收入、家人支持度、生活自理能力评分、长期护理保险评估种类是对居家老年人疾病照护需求具有统计学意义的影响因素(P<0.05),学历、家人陪伴状况是对居家老年人家务辅助需求具有统计学意义的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:长期护理保险目前的覆盖面与服务内容尚不够完善,在健康老龄化的推进和老年人长期照护政策制定过程中,弱势老年人群体的相应需求应引起必要的重视。

Objective:A questionnaire survey was conducted on the general information,disease status and medical treatment,self-care ability,application and care demand of the elderly people who applied for long-term care insurance(LTCI)in Dachang Town,Baoshan District,Shanghai.Methods:From May 2021 to February 2022,391 home-dwelling elderly people in Dachang Town who applied for LTCI were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey,a total of 391 questionnaires were issued and 391 valid questionnaires were collected,with effective recovery rate of 100.0%.Results:The average score of self-care ability of 391 elderly people was(59.69±18.46),belonging to the moderate dependence range,they suffered from(2.59±0.88)kinds of chronic diseases on average,the average types of daily medication were(5.35±2.20),and the average number of medical visits in the past 3 months was(10.74±5.29).The elderly people who applied for LTCI for the first time accounted for a relatively high proportion(44.5%),the assessment grade was mainly mild(45.0%),and the care demand was mainly disease care(66.0%).With the demand for comprehensive services of disease care and household assistance as control factors,the analysis showed that the monthly income,family support degree,self-care ability score and LTCI evaluation type were statistically significant factors affecting the demand for disease care(P<0.05),educational background and family companionship were statistically significant influencing factors on the demand for household assistance(P<0.05).Conclusion:The current coverage and service content of LTCI are not perfect,and in the process of promoting healthy aging and formulating long-term care policies for the elderly people,the corresponding needs of vulnerable elderly groups should be paid more attention.