体育锻炼群体知识转移:全民健身战略推进研究的新视角

Knowledge Transfer of Physical Exercise Groups:A New Perspective of Research on the Promotion of Nationwide Fitness Program

采用文献资料法、个案研究法和仿真分析法建构并验证体育锻炼群体知识转移的机制,以此作为全民健身战略推进研究的新视角。体育锻炼具有极强的实践群体特性,其知识传播有较强的默会性,转移的渠道主要有2种:①在参与体育锻炼的过程中通过体育互动、学习交流间接获取知识;②体育锻炼群体中的知识拥有者和传播者(主要是教练员)直接传授知识。体育锻炼群体欲在成员数量上达成稳定性,对时间的依赖性较大。直接传授体育锻炼知识的教练员数量越少,群体将越快达到稳定的成员数量。提出:加强社会体育指导员和业余体育教练员的培养和管理工作、提升志愿服务意愿和水平依然是推进全民健身战略的关键举措。

Using literature review,case study and simulation analysis,the knowledge transfer mechanism for physical exercise groups has been constructed and verified to explore the further advancement of the nationwide fitness program as a new research perspective.It is found that physical exercises are characteristics of strong practice group and tacit knowledge dissemination.Two main channels for knowledge transfer include the indirect knowledge acquisition through the interaction of sports and learning during the process of people's participating in physical exercises,and the direct knowledge transmission by knowledge owners and communicators(here mainly coaches)in the physical exercise groups.For a physical exercise group to achieve the stability in the number of members,time dependence is needed;the fewer coaches who directly transfer physical exercise knowledge will reach a stable number of members faster.Therefore,the key measures to promote the nationwide fitness program are suggested to be strengthening the training and management of social sports instructors and amateur coaches,and improving the willingness and levels of volunteer service.